Fundamentals Flashcards
3 histological features of squamous cell tumours
Keratin production
Intercellular bridges (prickles on edge of cells)
Do NOT form glands
Where is squamous epithelium found?
Skin, head, + neck
Oesophagus (upper + middle 1/3)
Anus, Cervix, Vagina
2 histological features of adenocarcinomas
From glandular epithelium
Form glands that can secrete substances e.g. mucin
Where is glandular epithelium found?
Lung, Breast, Stomach, Colon, Pancreas (i.e. viscera)
1histological features of transitional cell tumours
epithelium can stretch
What is the stain used for Amyloid?
Congo red
+ve: Apple green birefringence
What is the stain used for melanin?
Fontana
What is the stain used for iron? What disease may this be useful in?
Prussian blue
Haemochromatosis
What is the stain used for basic and acidic areas?
Hematoxylin + Eosin
H: Basic purple/ blue
E: Acidic red/ pink
Gram positive stain
Purple/ blue
Thick peptidoglycan
Gram negative stain
Red/ pink
Thin peptidoglycan
When are neutrophils seen? Give 2 features
Acute inflammation (sterile or non-sterile).
Multilobed (purple) + granulated (pink)
When are macrophages seen? What happens in chronic inflammation?
Late acute inflammation (clear debris), usually phagocytic
Chronic inflammation become more secretory → large cells with lots of cytoplasm
When are lymphocytes seen?
Chronic inflammation (light purple)
When are eosinophils seen? Describe their appearance
Allergic reactions
Parasitic infections
Bi-lobed nuclei (blue) with red granules
