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FWS Fundamentals > Fundamentals > Flashcards

Fundamentals Flashcards

Review of the fundamentals flashcards on FWS

1
Q

Botrytis cinerea is also known as…

A

Noble rot or Pourriture Noble

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2
Q

What are the three levels of French wine quality pyramid?

A

AOC/AOP, IGP, Vins sans IG (Vin de France)

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3
Q

What are basal buds?

A

On a shoot, basal buds are those closest to the trunk.

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4
Q

What’s the difference between conventional and sustainable farming practises?

A

Conventional farming practices rely heavily upon agrochemicals, sustainable farming methods use agrochemicals more discriminately

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5
Q

What’s the difference between conventional and sustainable farming practises?

A

Conventional farming practices rely heavily upon agrochemicals, sustainable farming methods use agrochemicals more discriminately

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6
Q

T or F: Grapes are described as early-to-late harvest relative to the harvest date of chasselas?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Above what temperature would a vine stop photosynthesizing?

A

95F / 35C

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8
Q

Below what temperature would a vine stop photosynthesizing?

A

50F / 10C

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9
Q

T or F: Phylloxera is indigenous to Europe?

A

FALSE it is indigenous to North America.

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10
Q

Powdery Mildew is also known by what name?

A

Oidium

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11
Q

Downy mildew is also known by what name?

A

Peronospera

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12
Q

A pet nat is made via what production method?

A

Methode Ancestrale

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13
Q

Which sparkling wine production method involves just one fermentation?

A

Methode ancestrale

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14
Q

Define oxidative winemakeing

A

A practise by which wine is deliberately allowed contact with oxygen

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15
Q

Define reductive winemaking

A

A practise by which a wines contact with oxygen is minimised before bottling

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16
Q

Define passerillage

A

A process by which the stalks of the grape clusters are twisted, cutting off the flow of sap, and causing the grapes to dessicate on the vine.

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17
Q

What is a synonym for Melon de Bourgogne?

A

Muscadet

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18
Q

Define monopole

A

A vineyard with a single owner

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19
Q

Name the 3 most commonly grown grapes on northeast france in the middle age?

A

Pinot, savagnin and Gouais Blanc

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20
Q

The word Meunier translates as

A

“Miller”. The grape is so named because the underside of the leaves appear as though dusted with flour

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21
Q

Malbec is a natural cross of which two grapes

A

Prunelard x magdeleine noire des charentes

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22
Q

What does VDN stand for?

A

Vin Doux Naturel

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23
Q

Name the process by which neutral grape spirit is added to a fermenting must.

A

Mutage

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24
Q

What French city was home to the coronation of French kings?

A

Reims

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25
Q

Define “ban des vendages”

A

The official picking date as prescribed by government officials.

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26
Q

What is the longest river in France?

A

Loire

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27
Q

What climatic event in 1956 dramatically changed viticulture in France

A

The Great Winter Freeze (of 1956)

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28
Q

What is the Mistral?

A

A cold, north wind largely impacting the Rhone Valley and Provence

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29
Q

What is the Tramontane?

A

A cold, north wind largely impacting Langeuedoc and Roussilon

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30
Q

The Phocaeans founded what important city in the South of France?

A

Marseille

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31
Q

What was the traditional language of the Languedoc?

A

Occitan

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32
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon is a natural cross of what two grapes?

A

Cabernet Franc x Sauvignon Blanc

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33
Q

Syrah is a natural cross of what two grapes?

A

Mondeuse Blanche x Dureza

34
Q

What three varieties of Muscat grow in France?

A

Muscat á Petit Grains,
Muscat d’Alexandrie
Muscat Ottonel

35
Q

Chardonnay is a natural cross of what two grapes?

A

Pinot x Gouais Blanc

36
Q

Define “Diurnal”

A

Daily; of each day

e.g. diurnal temperature swing

37
Q

What river cuts through the vineyards of Champagne, as well as the City of Paris?

A

The Seine

38
Q

In French, a rive that flows into a body of water like a sea or lake is called what?

A

A fleuve

39
Q

In French, a river that flows into another river is called what?

A

A riviére

40
Q

Define the Napoléonic Code of Inheritance

A

A decree that mandated all inheritable property be evenly divided between each child in the family

41
Q

What historically important porject first connected Toulouse to the Mediterranean?

A

The Canal de Midi

42
Q

Define “Bordeaux Mixture”

A

A copper sulphate solution used to combat fungal diseases

43
Q

What are the two governing bodies for biodynamic farming practices?

A

Dementer (founded in Germany) and Biodyvin (founded in France); Biodyvin certifies vineyards only.

44
Q

Define “coulure”

A

Poor fruit set caused by cloudy, cold and/or wet weather at flowering

45
Q

Define “Véraison”

A

The point at which berries change colour and soften

46
Q

Define “marcottage”

A

Vine propagation by layering

47
Q

T or F: Guyot is a form of cane training

A

TRUE

48
Q

T or F: Cordon is a form of cane training?

A

False: It is a form of spur training.

49
Q

What is the French term for a bush trained vine?

A

Gobelet

50
Q

Define “must”

A

Unfermented grape juice.

51
Q

Define “debourage”

A

Juice settling

52
Q

In the 14th century, the Papacy moved its headquarters from Rome to what French city?

A

Avignon, in the Rhone Valley

53
Q

What historical figure first united Gaul under one rule and one religion?

A

Clovis, King of the Franks

54
Q

Define “transversage”

A

Process in which 750ml bottles of champagne are used to fill larger / smaller bottles after disgorgement.

55
Q

Define “dosage”

A

A mix of still wine and sugar added to a bottle of sparkling wine after disgorgement; determines final sweetness level

56
Q

Define “pupitres”

A

The traditional A-framed structures used in the champagne riddling process.

57
Q

Define “remuage”

A

The process by which lees are moved to the neck of the sparkling wine bottle in preparation for disgorgement; also known as riddling.

58
Q

Define “prise de mousse”

A

“The seizing of the foam” ie the second fermentation in traditional method of sparkling wine production.

59
Q

Define “Sur Lattes”

A

The placement of sparkling wine bottles on their side between lattes, ie thin pieces of wood; the 2nd fermentation takes place at this stage.

60
Q

Define “Sur lie” aging

A

The process of aging wine in contact with its dead yeast cells

61
Q

Define “autolysis”

A

The decomposition of dead yeast cells

62
Q

Define “Claret”

A

British term for the red wines of Bordeaux

63
Q

A wine display at the Exposition Universelle of 1855 in Paris resulted in what famous document?

A

The Classification of 1855

64
Q

Define “Graben”

A

A rift valley created when land sinks between two parallel faults

64
Q

Define “Graben”

A

A rift valley created when land sinks between two parallel faults

65
Q

As a general rule, grapes are picked how many days after véraison?

A

45

66
Q

Define “macération peliculaire”

A

Skin contact in white wine making

67
Q

What production method utilizes an anerobic environment to encourage an enzymatic fermentation.

A

Carbonic Maceration

68
Q

What is the name for the process of adding sugar to a must to increase the final alcohol level?

A

Chaptalization

69
Q

Define “Stuck Fermentation”

A

A fermentation that accidentally stops before all of the sugar has been converted to alcohol.

70
Q

Define “lees”

A

Dead yeast cells

71
Q

Define “battonage”

A

Lees stirring

72
Q

What is the name for the conversion of malic acid to lactic acid?

A

Malolactic conversion

73
Q

Bentonite, Casein and Gelatin are common agents in what process?

A

Fining

74
Q

What is the name for the “bleeding method” of rosé production?

A

Saignée

75
Q

Why might a winemaker cold stabilize their wine?

A

To remove tartaric acid before bottling so that it does not precipitate out after bottling.

76
Q

What people introduced formal viticulture to the Celtic tribes of “Gaul”?

A

Phocaeans, Greeks from Asia Minor

77
Q

Define “bonbonnes”

A

Glass demi-johns

78
Q

Define “pigeage”

A

Punching down the cap; a cap management technique

79
Q

Define “délestage”

A

Rack and return; a cap management technique

80
Q

Define “rémontage”

A

Pump over; a cap management technique

81
Q

Define “vin de goutte”

A

Free-run juice

FWS Fundamentals (1 decks)

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