fundamental test 3 study guide chp 27,28,& 36

Question 0

Developmental stages and lifestyle habits, as well as safety

Answer 0

Infant, toddler, and preschooler: leading causes are falls, ingestion injuries, and burns
School-age children: falls, motor vehicle injuries, and bike injuries, unsafe playground equipment
Adults: motor vehicle accidents, smoking, alcohol and drug use or abuse.
Older adults: physiological changes associated with aging, effects of medications, psychological factors and acute or chronic disease, all increase risk for falls and other accidents

Question 1

Causes, signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 1

An odorless gas that affects oxygen by binding strongly with hemoglobin preventing the formation of oxyhemoglobin and reducing the levels of oxygen delivered to the tissues. Low concentrations can cause nausea, dizziness, headache, and fatigue

Question 2

Stress and effects it can have on an individual

Answer 2

People who are preoccupied by stress or anxiety are more accident prone because they fail to recognize the source of potential accidents

Question 3

Medicare and hospital acquired infections

Answer 3

Healthcare providers cause procedure-related accidents. They include medication and fluid administration errors, not putting external devices on correctly and improperly performing procedures such as dressing changes

Question 4

Malfunctioning equipment

Answer 4

Equipment-related accidents result from electrical hazard or malfunction disrepair or misuse of equipment

Question 5

Restraints- assessment, proper placement, tying of the restraints

Answer 5

Assess skin, continence, nutrition, and psychological factors, when using physical restraints make sure restraints are not tied to bed rails instead use the part of the bed frame that moves, tie restraint with a quick release method (sometimes quick release buckles are in place)

Question 6

Safety for the older confused adult in a hospital setting; use of alarms

Answer 6

Safety for older adults focuses primarily on accident prevention. Older adults are predispose to falls. Bed alarms are a preventive measure used to alert staff that a patient is attempting to get out of bed or chair unassisted

Question 7

Basic human needs:

Answer 7

Oxygen, nutrition, & temperature

Question 8

Fire safety

Use of smoke detectors

Answer 8

-staff keep combustible away from heat source
-appliance with facility safety codes
-Rescue
Alarm
Confine
Extinguish
-fire control panel part of a fire alarm system

Question 9

Posture

Answer 9

Maintaining optimal body position

Question 10

Bones and their function in exercise & activity

Answer 10

5 functions:
Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral storage
Hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)
In exercise bones serve as framework and contribute to shape, alignment, and positioning of body parts. Bones provide movement using their joints as levers for muscle attachment.

Question 11

Proprioception

Answer 11

Awareness of the position of the body and its parts depends on impulse from the inner ear and receptors in joints and ligaments

Question 12

Cerebellum

-responsible for balance

Answer 12

The cerebellum and inner ear control balance through the nerves system. Major function is coordinate all voluntary movements.

Question 13

Principles of body mechanics

Answer 13

Body alignment
Body balance
Posture

Question 14

Most common back injury (region)

Answer 14

Lumbar vertebrae

Question 15

Repositioning immobile patients

Answer 15

For patients whom are completely immobile turn q 2 hrs while in bed. In chair reposition every 1 if patient has limited mobility teach them to self reposition every 15min

Question 16

Home safety assessment

Answer 16

Look these factors when assessing patients home:

• proper lighting inside and outside the home
• storage areas within easy reach
• appliances in good working order
• extension cords placed along walls
• presence of smoke detectors and a fire extinguisher
• presence of carbon monoxide detector
• flammable objects away from stove or heaters
• gas pilot lights lit
• hot water thermostat set to 120 degrees F or less
• handrails or grip bars installed
• nonskid surfaces in bathroom and tub or shower
• floor coverings secured and floors free of clutter
• furniture and assistive devices promote ease of mobility
• medications stored properly and not out dated
• telephone accessible with readily available emergency phone numbers

Question 17

Appropriate bed positioning
~cardiac or respiratory patients
~to prevent aspiration

Answer 17

Semi fowlers for patients with respiratory and cardiac issues and high fowlers for to prevent aspiration.

Question 18

Virchow’s Triad

Answer 18

The factors that contribute to venous thrombus formation there’s 3

• loss of integrity of the vessel wall
• abnormalities of blood flow
• alterations in blood constituents