Fundamental Questions of Development Flashcards
Range of the Lifespan Perspective
Conception to Death
6 Characteristics of Lifespan Perspective
All MULTI
1) Directional
2) Contextual
3) Dimensional
4) Cultural
5) Disciplinary
6) Plasticity
What is Multicontextual?
We are influenced by the context we grow up in
What is Multidimensional?
Growth and decline can be biopsychoenvironmental
5 Stereotypes of Ageing
1) Unproductive
2) Disengagement/withdrawn
3) Inflexibility/inability to adapt to change
4) Senility
5) Physical ailment
4 Fundamental Questions of Ageing
1) Nature vs. Nurture
2) Stability vs. Plasticity
3) Universal vs. Culturally determined
4) Continuous vs. Discontinuous
Universal (Fundamental Question of Ageing)
It is culture-free and the developmental process is common to all children such as facial expressions
Culturally Determined (Fundamental Question of Ageing)
Development cannot be separated from culture for example when we learn to walk is different among cultures
Continuous (Fundamental Question of Ageing)
We develop and improve the same skill and this skill always existed
Discontinuous (Fundamental Question of Ageing)
New and different skills
4 Developmental Theories
1) Mechanistic
2) Psychodynamic
3) Organic/Biological
4) Recent
3 Characteristics of Mechanistic Theory of Development
1) Observable environmental influences
2) Behaviourism (Skinner)
3) Social Learning Theory (Bandura)
3 Characteristics of Psychodynamic Theory of Development
1) Personality development related to motivational energy
2) Freud (psychosexual)
3) Erikson (psychosocial)
Organic/Biological Theory of Development
Focus on brain development
4 Recent Theories into Development
1) Neo-Piagetian
2) Information-processing
3) Evolutionary Theory
4) Systems Approach
2 Systems Approach Theories
1) Dynamic Systems Theory
2) Social Ecological Theory
3 Characteristics of Dynamic Systems Theory
1) Contextual Approach
2) Person & environment
3) Development is interaction within system
3 Research Methods
1) Cross-sectional
2) Longitudinal
3) Sequential
Cross Sectional
People of different age groups are compared
Longitudinal
One group assessed repeatedly over time
Sequential
Combination of longitudinal and cross sectional, 20, 30 and 40 year olds in 2000 then 2010 30,40,50 year olds and new group of 20 year olds
Time lag
Used in sequential study to test cohort effect
Disadvantage of cross-sectional
Cohort effect
Disadvantage in longitudinal
Practice effect and dropout
