Fundamental particles + isotopes Flashcards
What is Daltons law of multiple proportions?
The atom is the smallest possible unit of an element, and elements only react in whole ratios.
What are the 3 fundamental particles?
Protons, neutrones and electrones.
what does the nucleus of an atom consist of?
protons and neutrons.
describe the charges and masses relative to proton of all the fundamental particles.
protons have a charge of + 1, electrons -1 , neutrons 0. Protons have the mass of 1, neutrons 1.001 and electrons 0.0005.
Define the term isotope.
Versions of the same element with different neutron number, are called isotopes of that element.
why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?
because its electrons that determine the reactivity of the element, not the neutrones.
Do isotopes have very different properties?
Yes, because neutrones affect properties ( not chemical properties).
What is the mass number?
The mass number is the number of protons and neutrons added together.
what units are used in mass number?
There are no units.
How is mass number expressed?
ex: like this Carbon - 12, or top left corner of element.
define an ion.
An ion is a particle with a positive or negative charge.
describe the differences between positive and negative ion.
A positive ion has lost electrons, which means there are more protons than electrons, therefore it is positive. Whereas a negative one has gained electrons, which means it now has more electrons than protons, therefore it is negative.
what is the ionic charge and how is it shown?
The ionic charge is the overall charge of the atom or compund. It is expressed in the top right corner of the element. WITH THE + AFTER THE NUMBER.
What is the proton number/ atomic number?
The proton number is the total number of protons.
how do you express proton number?
You express it in the left bottom corner of the element.
