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Particles & Quantum Phenoma > fundamental particles > Flashcards

fundamental particles Flashcards

1
Q

State how many flavours of quarks there are.

A

six

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2
Q

What is a proton made out of?

A
  • two up quarks
  • one down quark
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3
Q

State the charge of an up quark.

A

+2/3e

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4
Q

State the charge of a down quark.

A

-1/3e

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5
Q

What is a neutron made out of?

A
  • one up quark
  • two down quarks
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6
Q

State the charge of a strange quark.

A

-1/3e

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7
Q

Name and state the symbols of the three flavours of quark.

A
  • up (u)
  • down (d)
  • strange (s)
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8
Q

What is a baryon?

A

a particle made up of 3 quarks

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9
Q

How were muons discovered?

A

study of cosmic rays

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10
Q

State the relative charge and symbol for a muon.

A

-1 (\mu )

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11
Q

Name the four flavours of leptons.

A
  • electron
  • muon
  • electron neutrino
  • muon neutrino
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12
Q

Name the two flavours of neutrinos.

A

electron neutrino
muon neutrino

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13
Q

Name the four quantum numbers.

A
  • baryon number
  • lepton number
  • charge
  • strangeness
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14
Q

What are the quantum numbers for antiparticles?

A

opposite sign to their corresponding particle

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15
Q

State the four fundamental forces.

A
  • gravity
  • electromagnetic force
  • strong nuclear force
  • weak nuclear force
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16
Q

What is the range at which particles experience a strong nuclear force? Explain when they are repulsive/attractive

A

<3fm

  • less than 0.5 fm = repulsive
  • more than 0.5fm = attractive
17
Q

What are exchange particles?

A

force carriers

18
Q

State the particle that carries the weak nuclear force.

A

W boson (plus or minus)

19
Q

What is a hadron?

A

a particle that is made up of two or more particles

20
Q

What is a meson?

A

a hadron made up of one quark and one antiquark

21
Q

Name the two types of mesons.

A

pions and kaons

22
Q

What are pions made of?

A

up quarks, down quarks + their antiparticles

23
Q

What are kaons made of?

A

a quark-antiquark pair one of which is a strange/antistrange quark

24
Q

State the most stable baryon.

A

free proton

25
Q

Which baryons decay and into what?

A

all baryons decay into protons

26
Q

What is the exchange particle for the weak force?

A

W boson (W±)

27
Q

What is the exchange particle for the electromagnetic force?

A

virtual photon (Ɣ)

28
Q

What is the exchange particle for the strong nuclear force?

A

pion (π)

29
Q

What type of interactions do hadrons experience?

A

strong interactions

30
Q

State the quark combination for an antiproton.

A

→ 2x up antiquark

→ 1x down antiquark

31
Q

State the quark combination for an antineutron.

A

→ 2x down antiquark

→ 1x up antiquark

Particles & Quantum Phenoma (6 decks)

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