fundamental particles Flashcards
State how many flavours of quarks there are.
six
What is a proton made out of?
- two up quarks
- one down quark
State the charge of an up quark.
+2/3e
State the charge of a down quark.
-1/3e
What is a neutron made out of?
- one up quark
- two down quarks
State the charge of a strange quark.
-1/3e
Name and state the symbols of the three flavours of quark.
- up (u)
- down (d)
- strange (s)
What is a baryon?
a particle made up of 3 quarks
How were muons discovered?
study of cosmic rays
State the relative charge and symbol for a muon.
-1 (\mu )
Name the four flavours of leptons.
- electron
- muon
- electron neutrino
- muon neutrino
Name the two flavours of neutrinos.
electron neutrino
muon neutrino
Name the four quantum numbers.
- baryon number
- lepton number
- charge
- strangeness
What are the quantum numbers for antiparticles?
opposite sign to their corresponding particle
State the four fundamental forces.
- gravity
- electromagnetic force
- strong nuclear force
- weak nuclear force
What is the range at which particles experience a strong nuclear force? Explain when they are repulsive/attractive
<3fm
- less than 0.5 fm = repulsive
- more than 0.5fm = attractive
What are exchange particles?
force carriers
State the particle that carries the weak nuclear force.
W boson (plus or minus)
What is a hadron?
a particle that is made up of two or more particles
What is a meson?
a hadron made up of one quark and one antiquark
Name the two types of mesons.
pions and kaons
What are pions made of?
up quarks, down quarks + their antiparticles
What are kaons made of?
a quark-antiquark pair one of which is a strange/antistrange quark
State the most stable baryon.
free proton
