Fundamental Ideas HT Flashcards
How do the particles behave in a solid?
They vibrate in fixed positions.
They are close together.
What are the properties of solids?
They have fixed shape and volume.
They are hard to compress.
How do the particles behave in a liquid?
They are close together.
They move around each other.
What are the properties of liquids?
They have no fixed shape but do have a fixed volume.
They are hard to compress.
How do the particles behave in a gas?
They move freely in all directions.
They are far apart.
What are the properties of gas?
They have no fixed shape or volume.
They are easy to compress.
What is melting?
It is when particles in a solid gain heat energy and vibrate more vigorously. When this happens, a solid changes state and becomes liquid.
What is solidifying (freezing)
It is when particles in a liquid lose heat energy and move less quickly. When this happens, a liquid changes state and becomes solid.
What is evaporation?
It is when particles in a liquid gain heat energy and more move quickly. When this happens, a liquid changes state and becomes a gas.
What is condensation?
It is when particles in a gas lose heat energy and move more slowly. When this happens, a gas changes state and becomes a liquid.
What is sublimation?
It is when a solid changes state and becomes a gas without first becoming a liquid. In ‘normal’ conditions, it is rare!
What is a ‘group’ in the periodic table?
It is a column. Each group contains elements with similar properties.
What is a ‘period’ in the periodic table?
It is a row.
What are atoms?
The smallest particles of a chemical element.
What is the nucleus of an atom?
It is the dense ‘core’ at the centre of an atom which contains protons and neutrons
