Fundamental Considerations on Text Production and Consumption

Question 1

Factors that Affect Writing and Speaking

Answer 1

Topic
Role of the Writer
Purpose of the Material
Target Audience

Question 2

Aspects of Professional and Academic Language

Answer 2

Formality
Objectivity
Explicitness
Hedging

Question 3

The levels of formality

Answer 3

formal
semi-formal
informal

Question 3

It is advised that one should use the _____ ______when writing or speaking to an unknown audience

Answer 3

formal tone

Question 4

a person is allowed to use a _________tone when writing
to speaking with an individual that is well-known to
him/her.

Answer 4

semi-formal

Question 5

one should take note that the ______ has no place in academic or professional writing.

Answer 5

informal tone

Question 6

Languages that we should avoid to ensure objectivity in your language

Answer 6

Personal language
Emotive language
Judgmental language

Question 7

Using clear and direct language.
Staying away from figurative language such as metaphor, simile, and irony as these can obscure the meaning of your statement.

Answer 7

Explicitness

Question 8

refers to the use of linguistic devices to express hesitation or uncertainty as well as to demonstrate politeness and indirectness

Answer 8

Hedging

Question 9

is used to soften one’s words and to avoid making a
direct statement, or committing to a particular action or decision.

Answer 9

Hedging

Question 10

Using this would depend on the writing context,
purpose, and audience. This would help the writer or
speaker establish a connection and convey his/her
passion and involvement in the topic.

Answer 10

Personal language

Question 11

This type of language appeals to the emotions or
values of the audience. This language attempts to
stir the emotion of the readers/listeners through
superlatives and exaggeration.

Answer 11

Emotive language

Question 12

This language shows the personal judgment of the
writer or speaker. It sounds as though the
speaker/writer has come to a conclusion based on
his/her previously-held beliefs rather than through a
review of the relevant literature.

Answer 12

Judgmental language

Question 13

signal the readers that
the line of argument is
going to change

Answer 13

signaling words

Question 14

a word that indicate that the sentence gives reasons for something in another sentence

Answer 14

signaling words

Question 15

a worth to use to signal that you are giving extra information

Answer 15

signaling words

Question 16

minimize the possibility of another academic
opposing the claims that are being made

Answer 16

Hedging

Question 17

to conform to the currently accepted style of
academic writing

Answer 17

Hedging

Question 18

to enable the author to devise a politeness strategy
where they can acknowledge that there may be flaws
in their claims

Answer 18

Hedging