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4512 lifespan motor development > fundamental concepts > Flashcards

fundamental concepts Flashcards

fundamental concepts

1
Q
A

motor control

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2
Q
A

motor learning

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3
Q
A

motor development

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4
Q

who cares about motor development and why?

A

-educators–> which practices work best for students and developmentally appropriate
-therapists–> what factors work best at differ points in lifespan
-engineers/designers–> knowing changes that occur so that can design/change world around
-health care providers–> how does movement in early life affect health later in life

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5
Q

what are the 3 definitive characterists of motor development?

A
  1. functional capacity
  2. sequential change
  3. age related but NOT age dependent
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6
Q

the capability to exist–> to live, move, and work irl

A

functional capacity

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7
Q

the continuous process of change in functional capacity is a ______ type of process. meaning?

A

cumulative; we are always developing, but sometimes changes are more or less noticeable–> it is the overall ability to function

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8
Q

Motor development requires sequential change, what does this mean?

A

there are predictable patterns of development and one step leads to the next in an orderly and irreversible fashion

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9
Q

motor development is age related but not age dependent, what does this mean?

A

-may be faster or slower at different times
-rate may differ among individuals are same age
-humans do not advance in age and development at same time
-development does not stop at particular age and is continuous

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10
Q

example of motor control when striking a baseball

A

nervous system control over muscles and coordinate movement

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11
Q

example of motor learning when striking a baseball

A

adjusting the bat or altering schedule leads to change in skill level

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12
Q

example of motor development when striking a baseball

A

development of batting change overtime with physical growth and maturation

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13
Q

motor development is the development of _____

A

skill

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14
Q

development of skill is the goal of motor development, but that is directly tied into

A
  1. physical growth
  2. maturation
  3. aging
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15
Q

physical growth refers to

A

the quantitative increase in size or magnitude

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16
Q

when does physical growth start and end?

A

conception to late adolescence/early 20s

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17
Q

yes physical growth is the measure of size but this does not include measuring

A

muscle mass (do not study leg day or gym muscle increase)

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18
Q

the progression towards physical maturity–> the ability to reproduce and all of body’s systems integrated

A

maturation

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19
Q

broad term definition of aging

A

growing older in terms of chronological age

20
Q

aging more specifically means

A

changes that lead to loss of adaptability and function and then death

21
Q

why has the study of aging recently become more important?

A

people are living longer, so need to learn more about older aging processes

22
Q

by 2030, __ of the world’s population will be 65+, compared to 2015 at __, 2000 at __, and 1930 at __

A

15%, 8%, 6%, 1%

23
Q

motor development falls along a continuum of life stages. what are all the stages that make up the continuum?

A

prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, late childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle age, older adults

24
Q

what is the traditional method when it comes to studying motor development along the continuum

A

pick one period and research that in isolation

25
Q

which type of approach when studying the continuum of motor development is the best to get a holistic understanding

A

developmental approach

26
Q
A

Newell’s Model of Constraints

27
Q

movement at all points in life arises from the interaction of (newell’s model of constraints)

A
  1. task
  2. individual
  3. environment
28
Q

compel or force to follow a particular course of action OR
severely restrict the scope, extent, or activity of

A

constrain

29
Q

constraints in motor development are not good or bad, they define …

A

how movement arises throughout development by either limiting or permitting

30
Q

what defines task constraint

A

the goals of the movement, rules, and equipment
(e.g. goal is to shoot the ball, rule is to dribble the ball, equipment is the use of a basketball)

31
Q

what defines individual constraint

A

structural- human body structure (e.g. height) and functional- behavior (e.g. the want to do it)

32
Q

what defines environment constraint

A

outside of the body and physical (e.g. weather, location) sociocultural (e.g. social norm)

33
Q

how to determine the difference between age-related development/change and fluctuation of behavior?

A

using a measuring technique:
-observe movement/behavior over time
-describe differences of people of differ age groups
-plotting change over time

34
Q

plotting development allows us to…

A

-compare individuals with average and adjust expectations accordingly
-shows growth patterns are predictable/consistent NOT linear
-shows rapid change/plateau change
-sigmoid curve
-shows developmental trajectory

35
Q

3 types of researching developmental change designs

A
  1. longitudinal
  2. cross-sectional
  3. mixed longitudinal (sequential)
36
Q

what type of research design is when you watch individual/group over time–> requires lengthy observation (years, decades)

A

longitudinal

37
Q

what type of research design is when you take individuals/groups at chosen points in age of interested and compared (not actually observed but inferred from results)

A

cross-sectional

38
Q

what type of research design is smaller time periods of observation with overlapping ages

A

mixed longitudinal

39
Q

type of research method that allows researcher to “pool” smaller studies–> stat technique that combine individual studies into one more general to estimate effect

A

meta analysis

40
Q

type of research method where many studies on a topic are compared and contrasted–> can point out conflicts and highlight common findings

A

review paper

41
Q

paradox in development

A

universality vs variability

42
Q

individuals in a species show great similarity in development vs individual differences–> above or below average yet can still arrive at same point by different pathways

A

universality vs variability

43
Q

what must motor developmentalists must consider because of the development paradox?

A

an individual’s behavior in the CONTEXT of both universal behaviors and individual difference

44
Q

what helps us distinguish between universal behaviors and behaviors that reflect human variability

A

research

45
Q
A

universal behaviors

46
Q
A

individual differences

47
Q

put in quiz questions

A

4512 lifespan motor development (3 decks)

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