Fundamental concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

Statement about an unknown population parameter.

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2
Q

Null Hypothesis (H0)

A

The existing idea to test against. (Statement with no effect or difference).

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3
Q

Alternative Hypothesis (H1)

A

The challenging idea.
(Statement with effect or difference).

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4
Q

Type I Error (α)

A

Choose alternative instead of null (false positive).

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5
Q

Type II Error (β)

A

Choose null instead of alternative (false negative).

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6
Q

Significance Level (α)

A

The probability of making a Type I error, commonly 0.05.

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7
Q

P-value

A

Probability of obtaining a result, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

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8
Q

What do hypothesis tests check?

A

If the sample statistics lie in the tails of the null distribution.

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9
Q

Z-score

A

Standardized measure of the difference between the sample and hypothesized statistic.

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10
Q

Standard normal distribution parameters

A

mean = 0
std = 1

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11
Q

Two-tailed test

A

Alternative different from null

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12
Q

Right-tailed test

A

Alternative greater than null

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13
Q

Left-tailed

A

Alternative less than null

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14
Q

To get a p-value, use a…

A

Cumulative distribution function

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