Fundamental Concepts

Question 1

Social Order

Answer 1

Based on people’s social lives, there are certain predicatable behaviours that create some form stability and order in society so that everyone can function.

Question 2

Social Control

Answer 2

Society ensures conformity to the dominant values and norms of soicety, through formal and informal sanctions used by social agents (family, peers, education, religion).

Question 3

Social Change

Answer 3

A shift in society.

Question 4

Status

Answer 4

The social position of a person in society that is either ascribed or recieved/achieved.

Question 5

Roles

Answer 5

The part one plays once they occupy a status

Question 6

Values

Answer 6

Ideas that are considered good, worthwhile, and desirable by society.

Question 7

List 6 examples of Values

Answer 7

1. Money
2. Family (relationships
3. Health
4. Education
5. Material Posessions
6. Modesty

Question 8

Norms

Answer 8

A specific guide to behaviour.

Question 9

Give 3 examples of norms in society

Answer 9

1. using a knife and fork to eat in a formal setting
2. going to church every Sunday/Saturday
3. the colour and design of a specific school uniform

Question 10

What is a Sanction and list the two types.

Answer 10

Used to ensure people conform in society.
1. Negative Sanction
2. Positive Sanction

Question 11

Negative Sanction

Answer 11

Imposition of a penalty for disobeying a law/rule.

Question 12

Positive Sanction

Answer 12

Giving official permission/approval for an action.

Question 13

Social Groups

Answer 13

A collective sense of unity between 2 or more people interacting with each other, and tend to have similar characteristics.

Question 14

List the two types of social groups

Answer 14

1. Primary Group
2. Secondary Group

Question 15

Primary (social) Group and list 2 examples

Answer 15

a small social group where members share close, personal and enduring relationships.
1. family
2. peer group

Question 16

Secondary (social) Group and list 2 examples

Answer 16

Impersonal group based off of working together to achieve something/being goal-oriented.
1. coworkers
2. school/classmates

Question 17

What is in-group and out-group in relation to social groups?

Answer 17

• In-group: a social group to which a person identifies being apart of.
• Out-group: a social group with which an individual does not identify.

Question 18

Socialization

Answer 18

the lifelong process through which members of society learn the acceptable and unacceptable norms, values and behaviours in a particular society. they basically learn the culture of the society.

Question 19

List the two types of socialization

Answer 19

1. Primary Socialization
2. Secondary Socialization

Question 20

Primary socialization

Answer 20

Begins at childhood, within the (immediate) family. Social control first takes place- the child learns the correct behavior (sharing, respect), basic social skills, and language used in society.

Question 21

Secondary socialization

Answer 21

More specific training and skills are learned as the child enters the “formal education system”. They are socialized according to the rules and regulations, interact with those who are not their family, relatives, or friends.

Question 22

Culture

Answer 22

The total way of life of individuals in a given society, creating a sense of belonging and identity among people of similar background.

Question 23

list the 2 types of culture

Answer 23

1. Material culture
2. Non-material culture

Question 24

Material Culture and list 5 examples

Answer 24

tangible, material things that our society creates and uses for survival.
1. food
2. clothing
3. housing (architecture)
4. books
6. painting

Question 25

Non-material culture and list 5 examples

Answer 25

intangible components of our way of life.
1. language
2. norms
3. ideas
4. values
5. beliefs of human societies

Question 26

list 6 elements of culture

Answer 26

1. languages
2. norms
3. beliefs
4. values
5. folkways
6. mores

Question 27

list 6 characteristics of culture

Answer 27

1. learnt
2. shared
3. dynamic
4. transmittable
5. adaptive
6. symbolic

Question 28

In which year and whom coined the term “Sociological Imagination”

Answer 28

1959
C. Wright Mills

Question 29

What is sociological imagination?

Answer 29

A person’s ability to see the impact of historical and social forces on his or her life and how the link between past events to contemporary occurences shaoes people’s lives.