Fundamendal Ideas in Chemistry Flashcards
How do particles behave in a solid?
They vibrate in fixed positions.
They are close together.
What are the properties of solids?
They have fixed shape and volume.
They are hard to compress.
How do the particles behave in a liquid?
They are close together.
They move around each other.
What are the properties of liquids?
They have no fixed shape but do have a fixed volume.
They are hard to compress.
How do the particles behave in a gas?
They move freely in all directions.
They are far apart.
What are the properties of gas?
They have no fixed shape or volume.
They are easy to compress.
What is melting?
It is when particles in a solid gain heat energy and vibrate more vigorously. When this happens, a solid changes state and becomes liquid.
What is solidifying
It is when particles in a liquid lose heat energy and move less quickly. When this happens, a liquid changes state and becomes solid.
What is evaporation?
It is when particles in a liquid gain heat energy and more move quickly. When this happens, a liquid changes state and becomes a gas.
What is condensation?
It is when particles in a gas lose heat energy and move more slowly. When this happens, a gas changes state and becomes a liquid.
What is a ‘group’ in the periodic table?
It is a column. Each group contains elements with similar properties.
What is a ‘period’ in the periodic table?
It is a row.
What are atoms?
The smallest particles of a chemical element.
What is the nucleus of an atom?
It is the dense ‘core’ at the centre of an atom which contains protons and neutrons
What are electrons?
Electrons are tiny particles that are spread out in ‘shells’ around the outside of the atom.
Electrons are negatively charged and have hardly any mass.
What are protons?
Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of the atom.
They have a mass of 1.
What are neutrons?
Neutrons are neutral particles in the nucleus of the atom.
They have a mass of 1.
What is the ‘atomic number’?
The atomic number tells us the number of protons in an atom (which is the same as the number of neutrons)
What is the ‘mass number’?
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
What do we call the substances that react together during a chemical reaction?
The reactants
What do we call the substances produced during a chemical reaction?
The products
When a metal and a non-metal react together, how do know what to name the product?
We always put the metal first, then the non-metal but change it to finish with ‘ide’.
For example, Iron+Oxygen > Iron Oxide
For example, Sodium+Chlorine > Sodium Chloride
When a metal and a non-metal react together with oxygen as well, how do we know what to name the product?
We always put the metal first, then the non-metal but change it to finish with ‘ate’.
For example, Copper+Carbon+Oxygen > Copper Carbonate
For example, Potassium+Nitrogen+Oxygen > Potassium Nitrate
