Fund. of Nutrition I & II Flashcards
How do we calculate BMI?
Weight / Height (squared)
***units are kg/m(squared)
What are the BMI cut-off numbers?
Underweight = < 18.5 Normal = 18.5 - 24.9 Overweight = 25 - 29.9 Obesity I = 30 - 34.9 Obesity II = 35 - 39.9 Morbid Obesity = > or equal to 40
What are better tools to use than BMI?
Body fat percentage
Waist circumference
Waist:hip ratio
When is BMI a better indicator?
When you get older
How many calories per gram is in protein?
4
How many calories per gram is in carbs?
4
How many calories per gram is in fats?
9
How many calories per gram is in alcohol?
7
What are the percentages for the New Food Pyramid?
10-15 percent calories from protein
20-35 percent calories from fat
Rest from carbs (unprocessed/whole wheat)
***Based on 2000 calories/day
What are the acceptable macronutrient ranges for adults?
Fat = 20-35 percent CHO = 45-65 percent Protein = 10-35 percent
***Less than 2300 mg sodium/day
What is linoleic acid (essential FA)?
Omega-6 PUFA
What is linolenic acid (essential FA)?
Omega-3 PUFA
***Makes DHA and EPA
Do simple or complex carbs digest faster?
Simple
***Complex carbs have more fiber – better for you
This is the term for the comparison of certain foods on a scale that will affect blood glucose levels (i.e., foods to stay away from for diabetics).
Glycemic Index
***Whole meals use “glycemic load”
How can we calculate the amount of protein we need using nitrogen?
Take a sample of nitrogen balance in person —
Nitrogen in sample X 6.25 = Amount of protein you need to be above
*** 1g Nitrogen = 6.25 g protein
What contributes to total energy expenditure?
BMR/RMR (65 percent)
Physical activity (20 percent)
Thermic effect of food (10 percent)
NEAT - “Non-exercise induced thermogenesis” (5 percent)
What is a way to calculate the calories burned for a certain activity?
METs
What is the MET amount for being at rest?
1 MET
This part of the intestine absorbs fat, sugars, peptides/amino acids, iron, folate, calcium, water and electrolytes.
Duodenum (proximal small intestine)
This part of the intestine absorbs sugars, peptides/amino acids, calcium, water and electrolytes.
Jejunum (middle small intestine)
This part of the intestine absorbs bile acids, vitamin B12, water and electrolytes.
Ileum (distal small intestine)
If we have insufficient absorption of fat into the duodenum, what can occur?
Steatorrhea (greasy, floating stool)
This disease can also occur due to chronic inflammation and damage of bowel mucosa. The distal ileum is most often affected, and a treatment is to have it removed.
Crohn’s disease
What are the dietary electrolytes we need?
Na+
K+
Cl-
