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Anatomy Skeletal System > Functions Of The Skeleton > Flashcards

Functions Of The Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?

A

*framework- to provide a bony framework to the body to give it shape
*protection- to support and protect certain vital organs( skull protecting brain)
*locomotion-to act as biomechanical levers on which muscles can pull to produce joint motion.
*soft tissue attachment- to provide surfaces for soft tissue attachment (eg. Muscles and ligaments)
*production- certain bones produce red blood cells, granular white blood cells and platelets from their bone marrow.
Storage- to store several minerals such as calcium and phosphorus to be released when required. Triglycerides are also stored in the adipocytes of yellow bone marrow.

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2
Q

The skeletal system can be broken down into:

A

The axial skeleton - spine, ribs and skull.

The appendicular skeleton - upper and lower limbs, the pelvic and shoulder girdles.

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3
Q

How many bones in the skull ( cranial)

A

8

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4
Q

Spine Area. How many bones in the cervical vertebrae? (Neck region.)

A

7

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5
Q

How many bones in the Thoracic vertebrae? ( chest area)

A

12

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6
Q

How many bones in the Lumbar vertebrae? ( lower back)

A

5

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7
Q

How many bones in the Sacral vertebrae? ( rump. (Fused)

A

5

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8
Q

How many bones in the Coccygeal vertebrae? ( used to be the tail- fused)

A

4

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9
Q

Chest Area. How many bones in the ribs?

A

12 pairs

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10
Q

Where do the12 pairs of rib bones originate from?

A

All originate from the thoracic vertebrae and the pairs extend round to form the chest wall.

First 7 pairs attach onto sternum
Next 3 pairs have common cartilaginous attachment to the sternum.
Last 2 pairs are free ( floating)

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11
Q

How many bones in the sternum?

A

1

Receives the clavicle and upper 10 pairs of ribs.

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12
Q

Shoulders.

How many bones in the scapulae ( shoulder blade)?

A

2

Held on by muscular attachments to the rib cage at the back and the clavicle at the front.

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13
Q

Shoulder area.

How many bones in the clavicle ( collar bone)?

A

2

Maintains the scapula at the correct distance from the chest wall.

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14
Q

Arms.

How many bones in the humerus?

A

2

Bone of the upper arm

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15
Q

Arms

How many bones in the Radius?

A

2

Inner bone of the forearm.

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16
Q

Arm

How many bones in the Ulna?

A

2

With the radius forms the elbow joint at the humerus and the wrist at the lower end.

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17
Q

Hands

How many bones in the carpals?

A

16

Form the wrist in two rows of 4

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18
Q

Hands

How many bones in the metacarpals?

A

10

First metacarpal is the thumb and the rest are in the palm.

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19
Q

Hands

How many bones are in the phalanges?

A 
28
The fingers ( 3 each)
The thumbs (2 each)
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20
Q

The pelvis

How many bones are in the Ilium?

A

2

The sacrum interlocks with the pelvis and the lower limbs articulate with it.

21
Q

The pelvis

How many bones does the Ischium have?

A

2

22
Q

Pelvis

How many bones does the pubis have?

A

2

23
Q

Legs

How many bones in the femur?

A

2

The thigh bone is the longest bone in the body and forms the knee joint with the tibia.

24
Q

Legs

How many bones does the tibia have?

A 
2
Lower leg (weight bearing)
25
Q

Legs

How many bones does the fibula have?

A

2

Lies outside the tibia and forms part of the ankle joint below ( non weight bearing)

26
Q

Legs

How many bones does the patella have?

A

2

Lies within the tendons of the muscles passing over the knee joint.

27
Q

Feet

How many bones do the tarsals have?

A

14

Foot and ankle

28
Q

Feet

How many bones do the metatarsals have?

A

10

Similar to metacarpals

29
Q

Feet

How many bones do the phalanges have?

A

28

Toes as fingers

30
Q

Give an example of a long bone

A

Humerus,femur,fibula,tibia,ulna,radius,metacarpals,metatarsals, phalanges.

31
Q

Give examples of short bones

A

Carpals and tarsals

32
Q

Give examples of flat bones

A

Scapula,cranial bones,costals(ribs), sternum and ilium.

33
Q

Give examples of irregular bones

A

Vertebrae and calcaneus

34
Q

Give an example of a sesamoid bone ( seed like)

A

Patella ( kneecap)

35
Q

Give the 5 classifications of bones

A 
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
36
Q

Describe a long bone

A
  • Greater length than width
  • Consist of a shaft with normally 2 extremities
  • Contain mostly compact bone in their diaphysis
  • More cancellous bone in their epiphysis
  • Act as levers
37
Q

Describe a short bone

A
  • Normally as long as they are wide

* usually highly cancellous which gives them strength with reduced weight.

38
Q

Describe a flat bone

A
  • thin cancellous bone sandwiched between 2 compact layers

* provide protection and large areas for muscle attachment

39
Q

Describe an irregular bone

A

*form very irregular shapes, therefore cannot be classified within other groups

40
Q

Describe a sesamoid bone

A
  • develop within particular tendons at a site of considerable friction or tension
  • serve to improve leverage and protect joint from damage
41
Q

Epiphysis

A

Expanded portion at the end of a bone

42
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of the bone

43
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Covering the bone ends

44
Q

Periosteum

A

A tough fibrous sheath covering the whole bone

45
Q

Compact bone

A

Solid strong and resistant to bending

46
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Giving the bone elastic strength to resist compression forces

47
Q

Medullary cavity

A

The hollow tube down the centre of the compact bone

48
Q

Yellow marrow

A

This functions for the storage of fat

49
Q

Red marrow

A

This functions in the production of various types of blood cells

Anatomy Skeletal System (1 decks)

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