Functions Of The Skeleton Flashcards
What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?
*framework- to provide a bony framework to the body to give it shape
*protection- to support and protect certain vital organs( skull protecting brain)
*locomotion-to act as biomechanical levers on which muscles can pull to produce joint motion.
*soft tissue attachment- to provide surfaces for soft tissue attachment (eg. Muscles and ligaments)
*production- certain bones produce red blood cells, granular white blood cells and platelets from their bone marrow.
Storage- to store several minerals such as calcium and phosphorus to be released when required. Triglycerides are also stored in the adipocytes of yellow bone marrow.
The skeletal system can be broken down into:
The axial skeleton - spine, ribs and skull.
The appendicular skeleton - upper and lower limbs, the pelvic and shoulder girdles.
How many bones in the skull ( cranial)
8
Spine Area. How many bones in the cervical vertebrae? (Neck region.)
7
How many bones in the Thoracic vertebrae? ( chest area)
12
How many bones in the Lumbar vertebrae? ( lower back)
5
How many bones in the Sacral vertebrae? ( rump. (Fused)
5
How many bones in the Coccygeal vertebrae? ( used to be the tail- fused)
4
Chest Area. How many bones in the ribs?
12 pairs
Where do the12 pairs of rib bones originate from?
All originate from the thoracic vertebrae and the pairs extend round to form the chest wall.
First 7 pairs attach onto sternum
Next 3 pairs have common cartilaginous attachment to the sternum.
Last 2 pairs are free ( floating)
How many bones in the sternum?
1
Receives the clavicle and upper 10 pairs of ribs.
Shoulders.
How many bones in the scapulae ( shoulder blade)?
2
Held on by muscular attachments to the rib cage at the back and the clavicle at the front.
Shoulder area.
How many bones in the clavicle ( collar bone)?
2
Maintains the scapula at the correct distance from the chest wall.
Arms.
How many bones in the humerus?
2
Bone of the upper arm
Arms
How many bones in the Radius?
2
Inner bone of the forearm.
Arm
How many bones in the Ulna?
2
With the radius forms the elbow joint at the humerus and the wrist at the lower end.
Hands
How many bones in the carpals?
16
Form the wrist in two rows of 4
Hands
How many bones in the metacarpals?
10
First metacarpal is the thumb and the rest are in the palm.
Hands
How many bones are in the phalanges?
28 The fingers ( 3 each) The thumbs (2 each)
The pelvis
How many bones are in the Ilium?
2
The sacrum interlocks with the pelvis and the lower limbs articulate with it.
The pelvis
How many bones does the Ischium have?
2
Pelvis
How many bones does the pubis have?
2
Legs
How many bones in the femur?
2
The thigh bone is the longest bone in the body and forms the knee joint with the tibia.
Legs
How many bones does the tibia have?
2 Lower leg (weight bearing)
Legs
How many bones does the fibula have?
2
Lies outside the tibia and forms part of the ankle joint below ( non weight bearing)
Legs
How many bones does the patella have?
2
Lies within the tendons of the muscles passing over the knee joint.
Feet
How many bones do the tarsals have?
14
Foot and ankle
Feet
How many bones do the metatarsals have?
10
Similar to metacarpals
Feet
How many bones do the phalanges have?
28
Toes as fingers
Give an example of a long bone
Humerus,femur,fibula,tibia,ulna,radius,metacarpals,metatarsals, phalanges.
Give examples of short bones
Carpals and tarsals
Give examples of flat bones
Scapula,cranial bones,costals(ribs), sternum and ilium.
Give examples of irregular bones
Vertebrae and calcaneus
Give an example of a sesamoid bone ( seed like)
Patella ( kneecap)
Give the 5 classifications of bones
Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid
Describe a long bone
- Greater length than width
- Consist of a shaft with normally 2 extremities
- Contain mostly compact bone in their diaphysis
- More cancellous bone in their epiphysis
- Act as levers
Describe a short bone
- Normally as long as they are wide
* usually highly cancellous which gives them strength with reduced weight.
Describe a flat bone
- thin cancellous bone sandwiched between 2 compact layers
* provide protection and large areas for muscle attachment
Describe an irregular bone
*form very irregular shapes, therefore cannot be classified within other groups
Describe a sesamoid bone
- develop within particular tendons at a site of considerable friction or tension
- serve to improve leverage and protect joint from damage
Epiphysis
Expanded portion at the end of a bone
Diaphysis
The shaft of the bone
Hyaline cartilage
Covering the bone ends
Periosteum
A tough fibrous sheath covering the whole bone
Compact bone
Solid strong and resistant to bending
Cancellous bone
Giving the bone elastic strength to resist compression forces
Medullary cavity
The hollow tube down the centre of the compact bone
Yellow marrow
This functions for the storage of fat
Red marrow
This functions in the production of various types of blood cells
