Functions Of Sleep (restoration) Flashcards
Oswald: Restoration Theory (RT)
NREM sleep restores body/EL | REM= repair/facilitate brain growth. -RT also state that REM = NT which are used up during the day. -Protein synthesis vital in restoration of body tissue. -Uninterupted NREM = GH Secretion = PS in growing children. -Else bodies natural recovery process cannot function. -Found Pt recov from drug overdose ^time REM sleep =brain recov -Found newborns 1/3 every day in REM; time of disproportional BG
Peter Tripp: 8 day SD
-Found effects of not sleeping for 8 days affected memory and concentration and caused confusion, hallucinations and paranoia. -Tripps symptoms so severe = difficult to test level of Psy function. -End of 8 day charity “wake-athon” slept 24 hours woke restored. -Indicates that FOS = restoration and repair primarily of the brain. -//suffered ^ Psy effects of SD for years after; sleep ^important for long term mental health.
Dement: case study issues
-case study and so GWC dont know to what extent such beh was the result of one bout of SD or due to his unique personality. -FM severe effects of SD bc ppt warned of potential SE/offered around the clock psychiatrists. -Demand characteristics = hallucinations/paranoia experienced, v IV/EV undermines very restoration theory these findings support.
Young: reductionism (ignores evolutionary)
-RT = reductionist, not TIA evolutionary pressures also play a role. -Young; ^ we know about the sleep patterns of other species the m ^shows that adaptation = conservation IO restoration is the FOS. -If Theory extended to N-HA i.e in vet med, then the ecological factors shown to affect sleep patterns must also be considered.
Shapiro et al: marathon 1.5 hrs 2 nights
-^Physical exercise should = ^sleep to restore proteins used. -Found marathon runners slept for 1.5 hours longer for 2 nights following, S 4 sleep ^ in particular so NREM = physical recovery. -//Horne et al found that ppt exhausted by ^ activity fall asleep faster but not for longer. -Either way; clear evidence that sleep allows for bodily restoration.
Horne: core and optional sleep
-Horne extends oswalds original ideas: body restoration not MFoS. -REM and deep NREM (4) = core sleep = for normal brain function. -Brain is restoring itself after daily activity. -SD studies show BR is in REM and stage 4 NREM sleep. -Light NREM (1-3) = no obvious function = optional sleep. -body tissues seem to repair/regenerate during times of SD. -Body restoration could take place during relaxed wakefulness in the day when energy expenditure is very low.
Rechtschaffen et al: support (spinning rats)
-N-Ha studied suggest that SD may have fatal consequences. -Enforced physical activity; rotated disk rats were standing on every time the rat started to go to sleep. Rats died. -// argued physiological pressure rats hearts rather than SD = death -v IV only weakly supports the claim that FoS aids restoration. -Used animals (obv ethical issues in SD humans). TF GWC findings to humans; animals = different sleep requirement bc env pressures
Horne: supporting evidence (50 lab studies)
- Argued SDS provide conclusive evidence sleep necessary to optimise body functions. -//Horne reviewed findings of 50 controlled SD lab studies -Found few reports pt inability to perform physical exercise, thus Horne proposed sleep aids brain function only.
Randy Gardner: SD (15 hrs 70% Deep NREM/REM)
-Randy Gardner 17 year old remained awake for 11 days. -Difficulty with some tasks but v sleep = no severe Side effects. -slept for 15 hours, recover 25% of lost sleep (70% Deep N/REM). -Stage 4 NREM/REM ^ important supportin Hornes theory of CaOS.
Contradictory evidence: brain biochemistry
-Energy expenditure during REM phase of sleep = waking levels. -BBio fluctuates most during REM sleep. -Challenges Hornes idea FOS = brain restoration -For NT supposedly restored during REM BA should be low. -Need for more ER into Bbio to supplement these theories.
