functions of organelles

Question 1

Cell membrane

Answer 1

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell; a “barrier”

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Contains the
genetic information
that runs/controls
the cell

Question 3

Nuclear envelope

Answer 3

Regulates what
enters & leaves the
nucleus

Question 4

Chromatic and chromosomes

Answer 4

Genetic information
that holds
instructions to
make proteins

Question 5

Nucleolus

Answer 5

Makes ribosomes

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Semi-fluid material
surrounding
organelles; some
cellular reactions
occur here

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Site where proteins are made

Question 8

Rough endoplasmic
reticulum

Answer 8

Modifies proteins

Question 9

Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum

Answer 9

make
phospholipids;
detoxifies toxins;
stores Calcium in
muscle cells

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Packages and ships proteins out of the cell

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

Converts food
energy into
“usable” energy for
the cell through
cellular respiration
(“powerhouse of
the cell!”)

Question 12

MTOC/centrosome

Answer 12

Where protein
fibers
(microtubules) will
extend from in
order to move
chromosomes
around during cell division

Question 13

Microtubules &
microfilaments
(Also called:
cytoskeleton)

Answer 13

Serves as “tracks”
for vesicles &
organelles to move
on; framework/
structure of cell

Question 14

Centrioles

Answer 14

Where protein
fibers
(microtubules) will
extend from in
order to move
chromosomes
around during cell
division in animal
cells. Found at the
base of cilia &
flagella in order to
anchor those
structures only in plant cells

Question 15

Flagella (male gametes only)

Answer 15

Helps cell move

Question 16

Cilia (animal cells)

Answer 16

Move something
else along the
outside of the cell

Question 17

Small vacuoles/
vesicles
(lots of them) (animal cell)

Answer 17

Assist in other
cellular processes
(ex: moving things
into & out of the
cell)

Question 18

Lysosomes (animal cells)

Answer 18

Contains enzymes
which break down
“old” organelles;
break down
engulfed bacteria
*like the “janitor”
of the cell

Question 19

Cell wall (plant cells)

Answer 19

Protects/supports plant cell

Question 20

Plasmodesmata (plant cells)

Answer 20

Allows material
from 1 plant cell’s
cytoplasm to be
able to enter into a
2nd plant cell’s
cytoplasm

Question 21

Central Large
Vacuole (sap
vacuole) (plant cells)

Answer 21

Stores materials
needed by the cell
(ex: water, ions)

Question 22

Chloroplasts (plant cells)

Answer 22

Convert sunlight
energy into food
energy (photosynthesis)