functions of organelles

Question 1

cell surface membrane (can form vesicles)

Answer 1

• retains cytosol

- forms a barrier across which all substances entering and leaving the cell must pass

Question 2

Golgi apparatus (can form vesicles)

Answer 2

• site of synthesis of specific biomolecules such as hormones and enzymes
• activation of proteins by addition of sugars/by removal of amino acids

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

site where substances are formed and used in chemical reactions of life

Question 4

mitochondrion

Answer 4

site of aerobic respiration and the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate

Question 5

nucleus (largest organelle)

Answer 5

involved in cell management and its behaviour when cell divides

Question 6

rough endoplasmic reticulum (can form vesicles)

Answer 6

ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum are the sites of synthesis of proteins that are ‘packaged’ into vesicles that fuse with the Golgi apparatus and then typically discharged from the cell

Question 7

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (can form vesicles)

Answer 7

• site of synthesis of lipids and steroids and reproductive hormones
• site of storage of calcium ions in muscle fibres

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

sites where protein is synthesized in cells

Question 9

cellulose cell wall

Answer 9

enclose, support and protect cells

Question 10

vacuoles

Answer 10

• in animals: temporary stores of food/water

- in plants: stores nutrients, absorbs water, and involved in turgidity

Question 11

chloroplast

Answer 11

site of photosynthesis by which light is used as the energy source in carbohydrate and adenosine triphosphate synthesis