Functions of muscular system Flashcards
muscular system functions
movement
posture
production of heat
what is muscle tissue composed of?
20% protein
75% water
5% mineral salts, glycogen and fat
types of muscle tissue
skeletal, or voluntary
cardiac
smooth, or involuntary
location of skeletal muscle
primarily attached to bone
location of cardiac muscle
walls of heart
location of smooth (non-striated) muscle
digestive and renal tracts and walls of blood vessels
types of muscle fibers
fast twitch fibers (white) slow twitch fibers (red) parallel fibers convergent pennate
uni-pennate
diagonal fibers attach to one side of the tendon only, eg soleus
bi-pennate
fibers converge onto a central tendon from both sides, eg rectus femoris
multipennate
muscle has several tendons of origin, eg deltoid
how is cardiac muscle different to voluntary muscle tissue?
it is branched in structure and
it has intercalated discs between to cardiac muscle cells which forms strong junctions to assist in the rapid transmission of impulses throughout section of heart.
main characteristics of smooth muscle
muscle cells and spindle shaped and tapered at both ends
each muscle cell contains one centrally located oval-shaped nucleus
contractibility
capacity of the muscle to shorten and thicken
extensibility
ability to stretch when muscle fibers relax
elasticity
ability to return to original shape after contraction
irritability
response stimuli provided by nerve impulses
energy needed for muscle contraction
carbohydrate foods > glucose. glucose transported in arterial blood supply, if not needed > glycogen and stored in liver and muscles.
what does ATP stand for
adenosine triphosphate
long bundles of small fibres which fill cylindrical fibres?
myofibrils
anaerobic respiration
insufficent oxygen > pyruvic acid > lactic acid - waste product
