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Consumers > Functions And Sources Of Macronutrients > Flashcards

Functions And Sources Of Macronutrients Flashcards

1
Q

What does protein consist of ? (1) And describe the process in which it is formed…(4)

A
  • protein consists of chains of amino acids

* chains of amino acids are linked together to form a peptide and many peptides which together form protein

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2
Q

Which amino acid is produced by food?

A

Essential .

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3
Q

Which a,into acid is produced by the body through rearrangement elements?

A

Non essential

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4
Q

List the differences of complete and incomplete proteins

A

Complete proteins

  • essential amino acids
  • high biological value
  • contain food from animal origin.

Incomplete proteins

  • non essential
  • low biological value
  • contains food from plant origin(nuts and pulses)
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5
Q

What is the only plant with high biological value?

A

Soya beans

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6
Q

Which macro mineral is needed for growth, repairing and maintenance of tissue?

A

Protein

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7
Q

Which macronutrients supplies energy if there is a short of carbs in the body?

A

Protein

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8
Q

What is oedema and how is it caused?

A

It is swelling under the skin and is caused by a lack of protein

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9
Q

What can too much protein cause?

A

Heart disease
Obesity
Kidney problems

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10
Q
  1. What are monosaccharides?
  2. What are disaccharides? Give two examples.
  3. What are polysaccharides and give examples.
A
  1. Simple sugars and simplest compounds of carbohydrates (eg: glucose and galactose).
  2. Double sugars of two monosaccharides combined (eg: sucrose- glucose + fructose; maltose- glucose+ glucose; lactose; glucose + galactose).
  3. Chains of many monosaccharides (eg: starch; fiber; glycogen; pectin; dextrin).
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11
Q

What are the 3 functions of starch?

A
  1. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose in the digestive system where the blood takes glucose to the body cells and becomes the main source of energy for the body. ( 1 gram of starch = 17 kilojoules of energy).
  2. If your diet has enough carbs, the body uses carbs for energy by saving protein for growth and building tissues.
  3. Starch makes us feel full for longer
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12
Q
  1. What are the sources of starch?

2. What are the sources of sugar?

A
  1. Found in plant based foods like bread,maize meal, rice, oats, pasta, potatoes, sweet potatoes and some fruits like bananas.
  2. Found in cool drinks, cake, chocolates, sweets, jam, fruit, honey etc.
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13
Q
  1. What happens if you have too much starch?

2. What happens if you have too much sugar?

A
  1. carbs turn into glycogen and stored in liver and muscle to be released later to meet body’s energy needs.
    Can turn to fat and be stored in fat cells as an energy reserve for when glycogen supplies are depleted
  2. too much sugar can:
    >cause obesity
    >make us feel full= eating less nutritious food like fruit and veg
    >tooth decay
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14
Q

What is fibre?

A

> Some sugars in carbs can’t be broken down by digestive system

> Pass straight through the colon and slightly broken down by good bacteria in the colon

> Come mainly from plant cell walls

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15
Q

What are the functions of fibres?

A

1- absorbs water and makes stool (poop) soft and bulky
> helps small intestines and colon pass food along
> helps faeces pass quickly and easily (helps you shit)
> helps prevent constipation, haemorrhoids and colon cancer
> (I think you need more fibre)

2- helps weight control by making you feel full for longer by delaying the emptying of the stomach

3- slows down entry of glucose into booldstream
=controlling levels of blood glucose in diabetic people

4- lowers blood cholesterol
> binds cholesterol in the gut, preventing it from being absorbed
> decreases risk of coronary heart disease

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16
Q

What is the recommended daily amount of fibre?

A

20- 30 grams per day

17
Q

Where can you find fibre?

A 
Cereals (brown rice, oats)
Legumes
Seeds
Fruit and veg skins
Fruit and veg
18
Q

What happens when you have too much or too little fibre?

A

TOO MUCH:
> Bowel discomfort
> too much bran= Decrease absorption of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron

TOO LITTLE:
> Inadequate faecal bulk (can’t shit)
= constipation and possibly colon cancer

19
Q

What are lipids?

A

Fats and oils
Fats are solid
Oils are liquid
But they have the same chemical structure

20
Q

What are the three types of fatty acids?

A

Saturated
Mono- unsaturated
Poly- unsaturated

21
Q

What is a tryglyceride?

A

Fat or oil molecule

Made up of one unit of glycerol and three fatty acids

22
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A

1- provide concentrated form of energy to the body
>1 gram = 38 kilojoules of energy

2- fat under skin= insulator and reduces loss of body heat in cold weather ( maybe I need more lipids)

3- forms layer around organs and bones to protect from injury

4- needed for building cells

5- have high satiety value, make food more palatable

6- have essential poly-unsaturated fatty acids like omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids that must be supplied by food we eat and can’t be formed in the body
> needed for growth and brain development

23
Q

Where do you find lipids?

A

ANIMAL PROTEIN:
> meat, chicken, fish, eggs, milk and milk products

PLANT PROTEIN:
> oils, margarine, mayonnaise, salad dressings

24
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough lipids?

A

Lack of fat intake= low energy intake
In children, diets that are low in energy and protein= stunts in growth
In adults: protein energy malnutrition

25
Q

What happens if you have too much lipids?

A

1- lipids = stored in body as fat cells
> so too much = weight gain and obesity

2- too much saturated fats
>raises blood cholesterol levels and increases risk
of coronary heart disease.

3- eating too much fat can cause certain cancers

26
Q

What is water?

A

A nutrient essential for life
Adults need 6- 8 glasses a day depending on weather and activity level
Human body = 50- 60% water

27
Q

What are the functions of water?

A

1- large parts of blood consist of water

2- solvent in which nutrients are digested, absorbed and transported

3- helps remove waste products of metabolism through urine and faeces

4- keeps skin moist and supple

5- lubricates joints and muscle membranes

6- controls body temperature through sweat

28
Q

What happens if you don’t drink enough water?

A

1- concentrated urine, reduced sweating, constipation and water retention

2- tiredness, headaches and digestive upsets

3- dehydration

29
Q

What happens if you have too much water?

A

Strain on kidneys

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