functionalsim and strain

Question 1

what does durkheim say about crime?

Answer 1

‘crime is normal…an integral part of all healthy societies’

Question 2

what does durkheim say are the two reasons why crime is found in every society?

Answer 2

1. not all individuals are socialised effectively so some will be prone to deviate
2. there is a diversity of lifestyles in complex modern societies, different groups develop subcultures with distinctive norms and values

Question 3

what does durkheim say are the positive functions of crime?

Answer 3

1. reaffirms boundaries
2. brings about change

Question 4

how does durkheim say crime reaffirms boundaries?

Answer 4

crime and punishments reaffirms the shared rules of society and reinforces social solidarity

Question 5

what is an example of crime reinforcing social solidarity?

Answer 5

the manchester arena attacks, showed citizens they should not commit these acts ( terrorism) and manchester united under the bee movement

Question 6

how does durkheim say that rituals of the courtroom can reaffirm boundaries?

Answer 6

media will name and shame offender which gives society a common enemy and offenders can be marginalised by given a criminal record or put on the register

Question 7

how does durkheim say crime brings about change?

Answer 7

all changes within society originate from a deviant act and it is only as a result of deviance that society is able to move forward

Question 8

what is an example of crime bringing necessary change?

Answer 8

murders of holly and jess in 2002, girls at school kidnapped and murdered by their caretaker who had a history and violence and abuse towards children, wouldn’t have been able to get the job if he was properly background checked by the school, due to this case people are now expected to have a CRB/DBS check for working with venerable groups

Question 9

what are some criticisms of durkheim’s view?

Answer 9

-argues that certain amount of crime is healthy for society but doesn’t specify how much is the right amount
-ignores how crime has significant dysfunctions for the victims
-overlooks how cramer can isolate people, e.g women and elderly, who may be frightened to do certain things because of crime

Question 10

what does hirshi say about crime and deviance?

Answer 10

often crime is prevented when individuals are distracted elsewhere, the less the distraction the more the crime

Question 11

what are hirshi’s four bonds of attachment?

Answer 11

attachment, commitment, involvement, belief

Question 12

what does hirshi say the attachment bond is?

Answer 12

how much we care about what others think, focuses on interpersonal relationships

Question 13

what is an example of hirshi’s attachment bond?

Answer 13

we might particularly care about what our spouses, parents or children would think if we committed a crime

Question 14

what does hirshi say the commitment bond is?

Answer 14

what commitments we have to lose

Question 15

what is an example of hirshi’s commitment bond?

Answer 15

if a person has a good job or marriage, committing crimes puts these at a high risk

Question 16

what does hirshi say the involvement bond is ?

Answer 16

how involved you are in society, what takes up your time and how busy you are

Question 17

what is an example of hirshi’s involvement bond?

Answer 17

perhaps if a person is always busy with work or volunteering and leisure, may not be as likely to commit crime?

Question 18

what does hirshi say the belief bond is?

Answer 18

to what extent does a person believe that the law is correct and that obeying the law is the right thing to do

Question 19

what is an example of hirshi’s belief bond?

Answer 19

people who are religious may have a stronger moral compass so possibly less likely to commit crime

Question 20

what is are some evaluations of hirshi’s bonds of attachment theory?

Answer 20

-does not address why some members a of society have strong bonds of attachment and why others are more marginalised
-marxists a and feminist as would argue that there is not a value consensus that benefits all members of society, instead society is based on conflict