functionalist views

Question 1

What is anomie?

Answer 1

normlessness- lack of social cohesion that leads to a rapid social change

Question 2

What is collective conscience?

Answer 2

the shared set of norms and values a society has been socialised into

Question 3

Who used the word anomie and collective conscience?

Answer 3

Durkheim

Question 4

Why does Durkheim say crime is inevitable?

Answer 4

not everyone is socialised into the same norms + values
subcultures develop own norms + values from diversity of lifestyles

Question 5

What are the 5 positive functions of crime? What sociologists?

Answer 5

boundary maintenance - Durkheim
change + adaption - Durkheim
safety valve - Davis + Polsky
warning device - Cohen
licensed deviancy

Question 6

What sociologist talks about boundary maintenance?

Answer 6

Durkheim

Question 7

What is boundary maintenance?

Answer 7

punishment reaffirms shared rules so reinforces social solidarity
crime unites society by condemning the wrongdoer

Question 8

What is an example of boundary maintenance?

Answer 8

Ariane Grande One Love Concert + Theresa May speech after Mosque attack both condemn the terrorism and unite society by promoting norms and values

Question 9

What sociologist talks about change + adaption?

Answer 9

Durkheim

Question 10

What is change and adaption?

Answer 10

all change starts with an act of deviancy
individuals being deviant make society more progressive + adapt according to what society has changed the norms and values to

Question 11

What is an example of change and adaption?

Answer 11

Nelson Mandela - used violence to bring global attention to the legal racism happening in South Africa

Question 12

What sociologist talks about the safety valve?

Answer 12

Davis and Polsky

Question 13

What is the safety valve?

Answer 13

crime protects society from a more harmful alternative

Question 14

What does Davis use as an example for the safety valve?

Answer 14

prostitution - releases sexual frustration of men - no threat to the nuclear family

Question 15

What does Polsky use as an example for the safety valve?

Answer 15

pornography meets sexual desires - does not turn to women (S.A) to meet their needs instead

Question 16

What is a criticism of the safety valve?

Answer 16

porn and prostitution can lead to increased sexual violence and assault - increased need for sex + belief that it should be given

Question 17

What sociologist talks about warning devices?

Answer 17

Cohen

Question 18

What is a warning device?

Answer 18

crime = a warning to an institution that it isn’t functioning properly

Question 19

What is an example of a warning device?

Answer 19

truancy shows govt. that there is a failure in the education system
prison riots warn govt. that budget a + staff cuts by 30% will make prisons unsafe

Question 20

What is licensed deviancy?

Answer 20

regulation + management of deviancy minimises the dangerous impacts of the behaviour compared to eliminating it fully

Question 21

What are examples of licensed deviancy?

Answer 21

alcohol, festivals, boxing

Question 22

Why do governments license deviancy?

Answer 22

banning leads to dangerous production + underground partaking&raquo_space; serious harm