Functionalism - Subcultures

Question 1

Cohen

Answer 1

young w/c males experience status fustration

this is because they have no job oppurtunities so want the goals of society but cannot achieve legitimately

so form deviant subcultures with own set of values, committing crime gives them status and respect from peers

Question 2

Cohen evaluation

Answer 2

society becoming more materialistic

young people feel pressured to buy expensive items

Jones: high levels of youth unemployment contributed to 2011 London Riots, looted shops due to status frustration

Question 3

Cloward and Ohlin

Answer 3

type of subculture joined is down to locality

3 types

Question 4

what are the 3 types of subculture

Answer 4

criminal

conflict

retreatist

Question 5

criminal subculture

Answer 5

inner city areas with established criminal networks, role models

commit utilitarian crimes

Question 6

conflict subcultures

Answer 6

inner city, deprived council estates with high population turnover

youths living in unstable areas more likely to join gangs, fight rival gangs for respect

gang members treat as family

violence scoreboard

Question 7

retreatist subcultures

Answer 7

formed in areas with no organised criminal networks e.g countryside or small town

give up and turn backs on society e.g drug abuse

Question 8

Miller

Answer 8

w/c have developed own subcultures with own ‘focal concerns’

c&d acts are result of them trying to demonstrate focal concerns

e.g demonstrate toughness through getting in street fights

excitement can be seen in people stealing tractors and smashing them into cash machines in the east riding

Question 9

evaluation miller

Answer 9

critical to idea delinquents are different to other people

use techniques of neutralisation just like anyone else