Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology Year 2 > Functionalism and Crime > Flashcards

Functionalism and Crime Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do functionalists view society?

A

As a stable system based on value consensus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do functionalists think value consensus produces?

A

Social Solidarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two ways that society achieves social solidarity?

A

Socialisation and social control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is socialisation?

A

When society instils a shared culture into its members so that they have the same norms and values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is social control?

A

When society rewards those who conform and punishes those who deviate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do functionalists view crime?

A

As inevitable and universal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is anomie?

A

When individuals become increasingly different from one another (normlessness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Durkheim’s two functions of crime

A

Boundary Maintenance and Adaptation and change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is boundary maintenance?

A

When crime produces a reaction from society, uniting its members against the deviant, reinforcing their commitment to the value consensus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Adaptation and change?

A

When individuals with new ideas challenge existing ideas which appears as deviance at first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Davis say about the role deviance plays?

A

Prostitution acts as a safety valve for men’s sexual desires without threatening the nuclear family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did cohen say about the role that deviance plays?

A

It acts as a warning light showing that an institution is malfunctioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a criticism of the functionalist explanations of crime?

A

Functionalism assumes that crime performs a positive function for society as a whole but it ignores the individual victims of crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who suggested strain theory?

A

Merton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is strain theory?

A

When individuals become involved in deviant behaviour when they cannot achieve socially approved goals by legitimate means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 2 factors cause strain?

A

Structural and cultural

17
Q

What are structural factors?

A

unequal opportunities in society

18
Q

What are cultural factors?

A

Strong emphasis on success goals and a weaker emphasis on using legitimate means to achieve them

19
Q

What role does the American dream play?

A

deviance is the result of the strain between the goals a culture encourages individuals to aim for and what the structure of society actually allows them to achieve

20
Q

What are the 5 deviant adaptations to strain?

A

Conformity
Innovation
Ritualism
Retreatism
Rebellion

21
Q

What is conformity?

A

When individuals accept the culturally approved goals and strive to achieve them legitimately

22
Q

What is Innovation?

A

Individuals accept the money success goal but use illegitimate means to achieve them

23
Q

What is ritualism?

A

Individuals have given up on the goal but have internalised the legitimate means and follow the rules for their own sake

24
Q

What is retreatism?

A

Individuals reject both goal and legitimate means and drop out of society

25
Q

What is rebellion?

A

Individuals replace existing goals and means with new ones with the aim of bringing about social change

26
Q

What is a strength of merton?

A

He explains why the rates of working class crime are higher, because they have the least opportunity to obtain wealth legitimately

27
Q

What is a criticism of merton?

A

Its too deterministic, not all working class people commit crime

28
Q

Why did cohen criticise merton?

A

he saw deviance as an individual response to strain, ignoring the group deviance of delinquent subcultures

29
Q

What did cohen say about working class boys?

A

They are culturally deprived and lack the necessary skills to succeed, meaning that they are left ar the bottom of the official status hierarchy

30
Q

What is alternative status hierarchy?

A

A subculture where people can win status through delinquent actions

Sociology Year 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions