Functionalism Flashcards
(Durkheim - Sacred and Profane)
Define Sacred
Sacred is something that invokes powerful feelings such as awe
Define profane
Profane is something normal or mundane
What is a totem?
It is a symbol that represents a clans origin and identity
Who was Durkheims’ study on?
- The Arunta Clan
- They were an Australian tribe with a clan like system with rituals
What does collective conscience mean?
- When society have shared norms, values and beliefs to make social life easier between themselves
- This is done through rituals
What does the religion help individuals with?
Helps individuals feel like they’re a part of something bigger than themselves
What does religion help society with?
By participating in shared rituals it brings individuals together
What are the cognitive functions of religion?
- To reason and think theoretically
- In order to do this we must use the same categories (time, space, cause)
- Religions provide these categories
What are two criticisms of Durkheims’ sacred and profane?
- Worsley (1956): there’s no division between sacred and profane and there’s only one totem that tribes share
- Postmodernists (2011): you can’t apply this to nowadays and we are more fragmented in collective conscience (due to diversity)
(Malinowski- Psychological function)
Define Lagoon fishing
Safe, no ritual needed, predictable and successful
Define sea fishing
Often dangerous, rituals are needed - which gives a sense of control
Give an example of a tribe that used lagoon and sea fishing?
Trobian Islanders of the western Pacific
What does Malinowski argue about religion?
- People will only turn to religion at times of crisis
- Religion relieves tension and the fear of the unknown situation
What are the 4 main life crises’?
- Birth
- Puberty
- Marriage
- Death
How is religion beneficial to individuals?
It provides a psychological function, helping them cope with emotional stress
