Functionalism

Question 1

Parsons youth

Answer 1

Argues age related differences contribute to overall functioning of the social content system. Differences are key for smooth functioning of society. Age strata are functional for This society. Childhood is a period when socialisation into society’s culture takes place. Children learn norms and values. He believes the family has two functions: primary socialisation of children and the stabilisation of adult personalities

Question 2

Eisenstadt youth

Answer 2

Argued that differential age groups enable individuals to learn and acquire new social roles and contribute to cohesion and solidarity. Youths’ need to go from ascribed status of child to achieved status of individual adult. Breaking away from the family home is difficult and emotionally stressful. Being part of a subculture provides a forum for the frustrations of this period and process. Suggest youth culture is inherently binding, in that shared interests with peers creates a sense of community.

Question 3

Parsons middle age

Answer 3

• Gender roles adopted at middle age - Women = Expressive - Men = Instrumental.

Question 4

Parsons old age

Answer 4

The elderly do have lower status/can be disengaged as they abandon some social roles and leave the younger generations to pick up roles.

Question 5

Cumming and Henry old age

Answer 5

‘Disengagement theory’ - States the process of disengagement from previous social roles is beneficial for social order (disengage from previous social roles and free up jobs for younger people)