functional_groups Flashcards
Define an alkane.
An alkane is an organic molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon (hydrocarbon) connnected by single (sigma) bonds.
What is the generic formula for an alkane? Give the molecular formula for a nine carbon alkane.
The generic formula for an alkane is CnH2n+2. A nine carbon alkane has the formula: C9H20.
Define a (mono) cyclic alkane.
A (mono) cyclic alkane is a hydrocarbon with one ring structure. All the carbons and hydrogens are covalently joined by single (sigma) bonds.
Provide the generic formula for a (mono) cyclic alkane. Give the formula for a seven carbon (mono) cyclic alkane.
The generic formula of a (mono) cyclic alkane is CnH2n. The formula for a seven carbon (mono) cyclic alkane is C7H14.
Define alkene.
An alkene is an organic molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon (hydrocarbon) connnected by single (sigma) bonds and one carbon to carbon double bond.
If there is more than one double bond, then technically this is not an alkene. For instance if there are two double bonds then the molecule is referred to as an alkadiene.
Provide the generic formula for an alkene. Give the formula for a five carbon alkene.
The generic formula of an alkene is CnH2n. The formula for a five carbon alkene is C5H10.
Define alkyne.
An alkyne is an organic molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon (hydrocarbon) connnected by single (sigma) bonds and one carbon to carbon triple bond.
If there is more than one triple bond, then technically this is not an alkyne. For instance, if there are two triple bonds then the molecule is referred to as an alkadiyne.
Provide the generic formula for an alkyne. Give the formula for a six carbon alkyne.
The generic formula of an alkyne is CnH2n-2. The formula for a five carbon alkene is C<span>6</span>H10.
Give the formula for a 10 carbon (mono) cyclic alkene.
The formula for a 10 carbon (mono) cyclic alkene is C10H18.
This is true because for every ring structure 2 hydrogens are removed and for every double 2 hydrogens are removed in comparison with the generic alkane formula. The generic 10 carbon alkane would be C10H22. Given one ring structure and one double bond the final formula is C10H18.
What functional group is represented in this molecular structure? What is the suffix for the name?
Alcohol functional group. The suffix is - ol.
What functional group is represented in this molecular structure? What is the suffix for the name?
Aldehyde functional group. The suffix is - al.
What functional group is represented in this molecular structure? What is the suffix for the name?
Carboxylic acid functional group. The suffix is - oic acid.
What functional group is represented in this molecular structure? What is the suffix for the name?
Amide functional group. The suffix is - amide.
What functional group is represented in this molecular structure? What is the suffix for the name?
Ester functional group. The suffix is - oate.
What functional group is represented in this molecular structure? What is the suffix for the name?
Ether functional group. The suffix is -ane - that is the same as an alkane. Note that this functional group is like the halogens - it affects the molecule’s reactivity but it is named as a substituent. The name of this compound is 1-methoxypropane.
What functional group is represented in this molecular structure? What is the suffix for the name?
Ketone functional group. The suffix is - one.
What functional group is represented in this molecular structure? What is the suffix for the name?
Amine functional group. The suffix is - amine.
What functional group is represented in this molecular structure? How many carbons are in the parent chain?
Amine functional group. The parent chain is four carbons long.
