Functional organisation of the nervous system Flashcards

LO 1: Describe the functional organisation of the nervous system

1
Q

What is the CNS?

A

Central nervous system comprising of BRAIN & SPINAL CORD

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2
Q

What is the function of the CNS?

A

Integration, processing and coordination of SENSORY DATA and MOTOR COMMANDS

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3
Q

What is the FOREBRAIN?

A

Includes the CORTEX and LIMBIC SYSTEM

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4
Q

What is the SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX?

A

The part of the cortex used for SENSING

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5
Q

What is the MOTOR CORTEX?

A

The role of the primary motor cortex is to generate neural impulses that control the execution of movement

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6
Q

Which 4 areas of the brain make up the LIMBIC SYSTEM?

A
  1. Thalamus 2. Hypothalamus (regulator of homeostasis) 3. Amygdala 4. Hippocampus
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7
Q

What is the AMYGDALA responsible for?

A

Receives input from all senses.

Responsible for emotional learning.

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8
Q

What is the THALAMUS?

A

A pre-cortical relay point of the sensory neurons

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9
Q

What is the HIPPOCAMPUS responsible for?

A

Sorting input and transferring it into stored memories

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10
Q

Where is the MIDBRAIN?

A

In a small area above the pons

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11
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released by the MIDBRAIN?

A

DOPAMINE - the reward neurotransmitter

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12
Q

What is the PONS?

A
  • Contains nuclei connecting the forebrain with the cerebellum.
  • Also contains the pontine respiratory centre (fine regulation of respiration).
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13
Q

What is the PONTINE REGULATORY CENTRE?

A

Located in the PONS it is involved in fine regulation of respiration

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14
Q

What does the MEDULLA do?

A
  1. Autonomic regulation of respiratory rate and depth
  2. Heart rate & cardiac output
  3. Vasomotor tone
  4. Digestion
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15
Q

Where is the PONS?

A

The HINDBRAIN

Brain stem and cerebullum

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16
Q

What is the CEREBELLUM?

A

Involved in processing porition & movement

Fine motor skills

17
Q

What are INTERNEURONS?

A

Small neurons that process SENSORY information

18
Q

How many SPINAL NERVES are there?

19
Q

What part of the nervous system do the SPINAL NERVES belong to?

A

PERIPHERAL

20
Q

What is the SPINAL NERVE’S function?

A

Each spinal nerve carries motor, sensory and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body

21
Q

What are PNS GANGLIA?

A

RELAY POINTS that contain NEURAL CELL BODIES & SYNAPSES

22
Q

What is a PLEXUS?

A

A collection of associated GANGLIA

23
Q

What is the term for GANGLIA in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

NUCLEI

  • They are areas within the GREY MATTER containing specific categories of cell bodies and synapses
24
Q

What is a NERVE?

A

A bundle of neurons (FASICLE) contained in the ENDONEURIUM

25
What divides the AXON from the SOMA?
TRIGGER ZONE
26
Where are PYRAMIDAL NEURONS found?
The brain
27
How many sets of dendrites do pyramidal cells typically have?
2
28
What is a Schwann cell and where is it found?
- PNS - Forms a MYELIN SHEATH in some PERIPHERAL NEURONS
29
What are the 3 main types of GLIAL CELL?
1. OLIGODENDROCYTE 2. ASTROCYTE 3. MICROGLIA
30
Where are GLIAL CELLS found?
Central Nervous System
31
What is an OLIGODENDROCYTE?
Found in the CNS, OLIGODENDROCYTES **myelinate** and support CNS axons
32
What are ASTROCYTES?
CNS cells Most abundant in the brain Control over circulation and nutrition Also involved in neurotransmitter levels and synaptic function
33
What are MICROGLIA?
**Macrophage** equivalents in the **brain**