Functional Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Three brain components

Answer 1

forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

Question 2

Forebrain

Answer 2

cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

Question 3

Hindbrain (aka brainstem)

Answer 3

medulla, pons and cerebellum, from connection between brain and spinal cord

Question 4

Front/back

Answer 4

dorsal/ventral

Question 5

Up/down

Answer 5

Rostral/superior vs. caudal/inferior

Question 6

Planes in Imaging:

Answer 6

Horizontal/axial, coronal, sagittal

Question 7

Horizontal/axial

Answer 7

parallel to the floor

Question 8

Coronal

Answer 8

perpendicular to the floor (cutrs across the brain approx. where the two ears are like a crown)

Question 9

Sagittal

Answer 9

perpendicular to the ground from forehead to occiput

Question 10

Grey matter

Answer 10

where synaptic communication takes place

Question 11

Orbitofrontal/ventromedial region functions

Answer 11

emotion regulation, reward monitoring, personality,

Question 12

Damage to OFC

Answer 12

disinhibition

Question 13

Damage to Ventromedial region

Answer 13

disordered reward/punishment processing and problems marking perceptual or learnign experiences with reward value and emotional significance

Question 14

Dorsolateral

Answer 14

working memory

Question 15

Dorsolateral damage

Answer 15

Dysexecutive syndromes, impairments in working memory and poor attentional control of behavior

Question 16

Dorsomedial region

Answer 16

intentional and behavioral activation

Question 17

Dorsomedial damage

Answer 17

Impairments in initiated behavior including akinetic mutism

Question 18

Akinetic mutism

Answer 18

person is alert and awake but cannot speak

Question 19

Subdivisions of the frontal lobe

Answer 19

orbitofrontal/ventromedial, dorsolateral, dorsomedial

Question 20

Divisions of temporal lobe

Answer 20

temporal polar cortical areas, ventral temporal areas, posterior temporal region

Question 21

Temporal polar cortical area

Answer 21

intersensory integration and semantic memory

Question 22

Ventral temporal area

Answer 22

object recognition and discrimination

Question 23

Bilateral ventral temporal damage

Answer 23

Object of face agnosia

Question 24

Posterior temporal region

Answer 24

comprised of the middle and superior temporal sulci, which contains the primary auditory areas and Wernicke’s area, important for language comprehension

Question 25

Parietal lobe subdivisions

Answer 25

Superior parietal lobe, temporoparietal junction, interior parietal lobule

Question 26

Superior parietal lobe

Answer 26

sensory-motor integration, body schema and spatial processing

Question 27

Temporoparietal junction

Answer 27

phological and sound-based processing; language comprehension (left) and music comprehension (right)

Question 28

Inferior parietal lobule

Answer 28

complex spatial attention, integration of tactile sensation and self awareness

Question 29

Occipital lobe visuo cortical pathways

Answer 29

Ventral and dorsal

Question 30

Ventral visual pathway

Answer 30

connects occipital and temporal lobe, important for object and face recognition, item-based memory and complex visual discrimination

Question 31

Dorsal visual pathway

Answer 31

connects occipital and parietal lobes via the superior temporal sulcus, important for spatial vision and visuomotor integration