Functional movement Flashcards
3 goals of postural control
To support the body against gravity, to maintain the COM over the BOS, and to stabilize parts while moving others
What is limit of stability?
The perimeter of the BOS and how far the COM can be moved around over the BOS without losing balance
feedback vs feedforward (anticipatory) postural control
Feedback control theory relied on sensory information to adjust posture, which has too much latency. Feedforward control requires previous experience, but enables pre-emptive movement to adjust posture to expected demand and then utilizes sensory feedback to fine tune.
3 sensory inputs that influence postural control
Somatosensory (muscle proprioceptors, joint receptors, cutaneous), vestibular, and visual
Response time for postural control (3 paths)
stretch reflex - 30ms
long latency reflex - 60ms
voluntary response - 200ms
3 reactive movement strategies
Ankle, hip, step
What is the Berg balance scale?
Contains a battery of balance related tests, each of which is scored. 46 or lower is considered a fall risk. Suffers from a significant ceiling effect.
What is the functional reach test? Why use it?
Involves standing and reaching forward and having the difference in finger position measured. Simple to use with cut scores available (less than 6/7 inches considered risk of fall) but has little aid in guiding treatment.
What is the ABC scale for balance?
The Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale. Assess confidence with different balance related tasks.
What is the FIM?
Functional Independence Measure. Assess burden of care.
What is CMBS?
Community Mobility and Balance Scale. Multiple mobility and balance tasks, each of which is scored and summed.
Describe the most common sequence of rolling in healthy adults.
Arm lifted above the shoulder, shoulder girdle leans and initiates head and trunk motion, and unilateral leg lift.
Describe the kinematics of standing from a chair
The trunk and hips rotate forward, and the COM shifts anterior and inferior. The extension phase begins when the hip extensors contract to lift the thighs, and the COM moves superiorly.
Strategies to make sit to stand easier.
- Increase chair height
- Move feet closer to chair
- Increase trunk flexion
- Increase dorsiflexion (75 deg)
- Use arm rests
Describe a triphasic burst
Agonist muscle activates to initiate movement, antagonist muscle contracts to slow the movement, and agonist muscle contracts to dampen oscillation. (ie. triceps, biceps, triceps in reaching)
