Functional groups Exam 1

Question 1

Hydroxyl group structure

Answer 1

OH

Question 2

Carbonyl group structure

Answer 2

CO

Question 3

Carboxyl group structure

Answer 3

COOH

Question 4

amino group structure

Answer 4

NH2

Question 5

sulfhydryl group structure

Answer 5

SH

Question 6

phosphate group structure

Answer 6

PO4

Question 7

methyl group structure

Answer 7

CH3

Question 8

Structural Isomer

Answer 8

different covalent arrangements

Question 9

Cis-trans isomer

Answer 9

same covalent bonds but differ in arrangements

Question 10

enantiomer isomer

Answer 10

mirrored images of each other

Question 11

All cells…

Answer 11

• are enclosed by a membrane

- contain DNA

Question 12

eukaryotic cell

Answer 12

has membrane-enclosed organelles, including the nucleus

Question 13

prokaryotic cell

Answer 13

is simpler, smaller, and does not contain a nuclei or other membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 14

emergent properties

Answer 14

result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system

Question 15

where are emergent properties found

Answer 15

on only one level

Question 16

Biological systems

Answer 16

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

Question 17

population

Answer 17

a group of the same species in an area

Question 18

biome

Answer 18

all the living organisms on the planet

Question 19

cell division

Answer 19

the basis of all reproduction, growth, and repair of multicellular organisms

Question 20

mitosis

Answer 20

single cell organisms

Question 21

meiosis

Answer 21

multicellular organisms

Question 22

what is taxonomy

Answer 22

the branch of biology that names and classifies species

Question 23

energy

Answer 23

the capacity to cause change

Question 24

cohesion

Answer 24

attraction between the same substance

Question 25

adhesion

Answer 25

attraction between different substances

Question 26

how does water moderate temperature

Answer 26

Water absorbs heat from warmer air and releases stored heat to cooler air

Question 27

what does temperature measure

Answer 27

the intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy of molecules

Question 28

how does water resist changing its temperature

Answer 28

Using hydrogen bonding

Question 29

acidic substances have

Answer 29

an increased concentration of H+ (hydrogen ions)

Question 30

basic substances have

Answer 30

a decreased concentration of H+ (hydrogen ions)

Question 31

four classes of macromolecules

Answer 31

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 32

dehydration reaction

Answer 32

when two monomers bond together through the loss of water molecules

Question 33

hydrolysis

Answer 33

when two monomers break apart through the addition of water molecules

Question 34

aldehyde (aldose)

Answer 34

carbonyl group is located at the end of the chain

Question 35

ketone (ketose)

Answer 35

carbonyl group is located within the chain