Functional groups and reactivity

Question 1

What are the advantages of adding functional groups to structures?

Answer 1

• alter physical and chemical properties
• bring reactivity and polarity
• allow formation of intra and intermolecular interactions eg H bonds

Question 2

How are biological macromolecules formed?

Answer 2

-formed by condensation reactions between functional groups

Question 3

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 3

bond formed from the sharing of valence electrons to complete a full outer shell

Question 4

What does electronegativity mean?

Answer 4

the tendency of an atom to attract electrons

-this makes the molecule/group polar

Question 5

What are bronsted-lowry acids and bases?

Answer 5

• an acid acts as a proton donor

- a base acts as a proton acceptor

Question 6

What are Lewis acid/bases?

Answer 6

• a lewis acid qccepts a pair of electrons i.e the electrophile
• a lewis base donates a pair of electrons i.e. the nucleophile

Question 7

What is the difference between a heterolytic and homolytic reaction?

Answer 7

• Heterolytic reactions: movement of electron pairs. the electron pair is transferred to one species.
• Homolytic reactions: electron pairs are split between molecules, produces free radicals