Functional Groups Flashcards
Alkane
Single carbon carbon bond
Alkene
Double bond carbon to carbon
Alkyne
Triple bond carbon to carbon
Arene
Ring structures
Can have double or triple bands
Cyclo-
Substitutive
Functional group, can be converted into one another by substitution reactions
Includes: halide, amine, thiol, alcohol
Oxidative
Functional group, when naming this functional group always comes first, even before bonds
Can be converted into one another by ReDox reactions
Includes: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid
Combinations
Functional group
Includes: ether, amide, thioester, ester
Halides
R-X
X= F, Cl, Br, I
(Halogen stuck on a carbon chain)
Substitutive
Amine
R-NH2
(Focus on the nitrogen)
Substitutive
Thiol
R-SH
Substitutive
Alcohol
R-OH
Substitutive and Oxidative
Aldehyde
R-C-H
| |
O
Oxidative
Ketone
R-C-R’
||
O
Oxidative
Carboxylic Acid
R-C-OH
||
O
Oxidative
Ether
R-O-R’
Combination of alcohol and alcohol
Amide
O
||
R-C-N-R’
|
H
Combination of amine and carbo acid
Thioester
O
||
R-C-S-R’
Combination of thiol and carbo acid
Ester
O
||
R-C-O-R’
Combination of alcohol and carbo acid
Cis
Hydrogen molecules on same side of double bond
Trans
Hydrogen molecules on opposite sides of double bond
Chiral carbon
A carbon bonded to four different groups, results in a pair of enantiomes
Constitutional / structural isomers
Same atoms but different bonding arrangement
Stereoisomers
Same bonding structures but different 3D shape
