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Chemistry topic 9 - organic chemistry > functional groups > Flashcards

functional groups Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four class of hydrocarbons?

A

Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes

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2
Q

What is the definition of hydrocarbons?

A

molecules composed of carbon and hydrogen only.

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3
Q

Alkanes are _________(saturated/unsaturated).

A

saturated

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4
Q

Alkenes and alkynes are ______________(saturated/unsaturated).

A

unsaturated

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5
Q

Why are alkanes saturated?

A

single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms

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6
Q

Why are alkenes and alkynes unsaturated?

A

double bonds and triple bonds between the carbon atoms

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7
Q

What functional group do alcohols contain?

A

hydroxyl

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8
Q

What is the structure of hydroxyl functional groups?

A

oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom by a single covalent bond

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9
Q

What functional group do aldehydes contain?

A

carbonyl

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10
Q

What is the structure of a carbonyl functional group?

A

a carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom

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11
Q

What functional group do ketones contain?

A

carbonyl

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12
Q

How do the structure of aldehydes and ketones differ?

A
  • aldehyde: carbonyl group is located in the terminal position
  • Ketone: carbonyl group is attached to a carbon atom within the carbon chain
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13
Q

What functional group do carboxylic acids contain?

A

carboxyl

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14
Q

What is the structure of the carboxyl functional group?

A

carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (OH) combined

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15
Q

What functional group do esters contain?

A

ester

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16
Q

What is the structure of the ester functional group?

A

a carbonyl group with a single bond to another oxygen atom

17
Q

Ester groups are _________(symmetric/asymmetric) in shape.

A

asymmetric

18
Q

What functional group do ethers contain?

A

alkoxy

19
Q

What is the structure of the alkoxy functional group?

A

an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl groups

20
Q

What functional group do amines contain?

A

amino

21
Q

What is the structure of the amino functional group?

A

a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups

22
Q

What functional group do amides contain?

A

amido

23
Q

What is the structure of the amido functional group?

A

a carbonyl group bonded to an amino group

24
Q

What functional group do arenes contain?

A

phenyl

25
Q

what is the structure of the phenyl functional group?

A

a benzene ring minus a hydrogen atom

Chemistry topic 9 - organic chemistry (8 decks)

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