Functional Groups

Question 1

Epoxide

Answer 1

. O
/___\
- O is the leaving group
- Electrophile
- Sn2 Always
- In basic environment
-> Nu attacks less subbed side
- In acidic environment
-> Nu attacks more subbed side

Question 2

Ether

Answer 2

\/O\/
- O\/ bad leaving group
- weak base -> required strong acid to protonate
- activation
- poor Nu

Question 3

Ketone

Answer 3

. O
. ||
. / \
- C=O double bond breaks when Nu attacks
- Electrophile
- Addition

Question 4

Aldehyde

Answer 4

. O
. ||
. / \H
- C=O double bond breaks when Nu attacks
- Electrophile
- Addition

Question 5

Enolate

Answer 5

. O-
. |
. /
(negative O attatched to C attatched to double bond)

Question 6

Enone

Answer 6

. O
. ||
. / \//
(O double bonded to C then two single bonds then one C attached to C=C)
- C=O double bond breaks when Nu attacks
- Electrophile
- Addition

Question 7

Alcohol

Answer 7

HO-C
- H is a bad leaving group
- bad Nu
- weak base
-> requires very strong acid to protonate
- activation
- deprotonate OH to form alkoxide
-> good Nu
-> strong base

Question 8

Ester

Answer 8

. O
. ||
. /. \OR
- C=O double bond breaks when Nu attacks
- Electrophile
- SnAc, addition
- OCH3 good leaving group

Question 9

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 9

. O
. ||
. / \OH
- C=O double bond breaks when Nu attacks
- Electrophile
- SnAc, addition
- OH good leaving group