functional groups Flashcards
1
Q
alkyl groups
A
- Me, Et, Pr,
- electron donating, hydrophobic
- interactions; vdW, hydrophobic interactions
2
Q
aromatic
A
- rings
- present in Phe
- hydrophobic
- interactions; vdW, hydrophobic itneractions with flat regions, cation-pi interactions
3
Q
amide
A
- present in protein backbone, Gln, Asn
- electron withdrawing (C-connected)
- electron neutral (N-connected)
- interactions; HDB, HBA
4
Q
esters
A
- electron withdrawing
- interactions; HBA
- used in prodrugs
5
Q
carboxylic acid/carboxylate anion
A
HBA, HBD, salt-bridges with lysine and arginine anion-pi interactions
6
Q
carbonyl group in ketons
A
- strongly electron withdrawing
- interactions; HBA
7
Q
carbonyl group in aldehyde
A
- very strongly electron withdrawing
- reactive as electrophile
- interactions; HBA, covalent binding in covalent inhibitors (warhead)
8
Q
amines
A
- nucleophilic, hydrophilic
- present in Lys, N-terminus
- strongly electron donating (by resonance)
- interactions; HBA, HBD, salt bridges
9
Q
quarternary ammonium salts
A
- very hydrophilic
- strongly electron withdrawing
- interactions; salt bridges, cation-pi interactions
10
Q
guanidine
A
- present Arg
- strong base, always protonated
- interactions; slat bridges with carboxylate, sulfonates, phosphonates and hydrogen bonds
11
Q
nitrile
A
- polar
- strongly electron withdrawing
- interactions; HBA
12
Q
ether (alkoxy group)
A
- hydrophobic
- electron donating (by resonance and induction)
- interactions; HBA, dipolar interactions
13
Q
thiols
A
- nucleophilic
- hydrophobic
- present in Cys
- weakly electron withdrawing
- interactions; metal binding, almost no HB
14
Q
thioethers
A
- hydrophobic
- present in methionine
- electron neutral > induction
- electron donating > resonance
- interactions; vdW with aromatics (sulfur-pi interactions)
15
Q
fluorine
A
- apolar
- electronegative
- electron withdrawing
interactionsl weak HBA, dipolar interactions
