Functional Groups

Question 1

Hydroxyl Group

Answer 1

Simple structures consisting of an oxygen atom with two lone pairs bonded to a hydrogen atom. (POLAR)

R-H-O

Question 2

Methyl Group

Answer 2

Containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. (NONPOLAR)

R-CH(underscore 3)

Question 3

Carbonyl Group

Answer 3

Composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (POLAR)

O
II R-C-R

Question 4

Carboxyl Group

Answer 4

A combination of two functional groups attached to a single carbon atom, namely, hydroxyl (single-bonded OH) and carbonyl (double bonded O) groups. (Charged, ionizes to release H. Since carboxyl groups can release H ions into solution, they are considered acidic.)

 O
 II R-C-OH

Question 5

Amino Group

Answer 5

A nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms (Charged, accepts H* to form NH; Since amino groups can remove H+ from solution, they are considered basic)

 H
 I R-N
 I
H

Question 6

Phosphate Group

Answer 6

characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (Charged, ionizes to release H* Since phosphate groups can release H+ ions into solution, they are considered acidic)

Question 7

Sulfhydryl Group

Answer 7

(POLAR)

R-S-H

Question 8

R-H-O

Answer 8

Hydroxyl Group

Question 9

R-CH(underscore 3)

Answer 9

Methyl Group

Question 10

O
II
R-C-R

Answer 10

Carbonyl Group

Question 11

O
II
R-C-OH

Answer 11

Carboxyl Group

Question 12

H
I
R-N
I
H

Answer 12

Amino Group

Question 13

R-S-H

Answer 13

Sulfhydryl Group