Functional Groups Flashcards
To memorize the basic functional groups in organic chemistry
carbocyclic rings
consist entirely of carbon atoms
heterocyclic rings
have at least one heteroatom as part of the
ring
Acyclic compounds
don’t contain any type of ring (Ain’t no ring)
Hydrocarbons consist only of
C & H
Hydrocarbons can be broadly classified into one of two groups:
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
do NOT contain any benzene rings
Aromatic hydrocarbons
contain at least one benzene ring
Alkanes (aka paraffins)
have only C-C single bonds throughout
the entire molecule
Alkenes (aka olefins)
have at least one C=C double bond in the
molecule
Alkynes (aka acetylenes)
have at least one C C triple bond in the
molecule
Organic compounds that contain a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) are known
as
organohalogen compounds
Another term for an organohalogen compound
a haloalkane or
an alkyl halide
Alcohol
An oxygen that is directly bonded to a carbon AND to a hydrogen
Another name for the Alcohol group
hydroxy (O-H) group
Ethers
An oxygen that is singly bonded to 2 different carbon atoms
Phenols
OH group directly bonded to an aromatic ring
carbonyl group
carbon double-bonded to an oxygen
aldehydes
one of the bonds to the carbonyl group is to a hydrogen
ketones
he carbonyl group is bonded to 2 different carbon atoms
Carboxylic acids
have a C=O group bonded to a hydroxy group (O-H)
Esters
have a C=O group bonded to an alkoxy group (O-R)
In general, a –CO2- group is known as a
carboxyl group
Organic derivatives of ammonia are called
amines
Amides
have a nitrogen bonded to a carbonyl group
Nitriles
have a C N triple bond
