Functional Group Definitons Flashcards
Halocarbons
Any organic compounds containing a halogen substituent
Alkyl Halide
An organic compound containing a halogen bonded to an aliphatic carbon.
Aryl Halide
An organic compound containing a halogen bonded to a benzene ring or other aromatic group.
Halogenation
A process by which hydrogen atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms (typically Br or Cl)
Alcohols
An organic compound in which hydroxyl group (-OH) replaces a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon.
Ether
An organic compound that contains an oxygen atom bonded to two carbons.
Amines
Organic compounds that contain nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms in aliphatic chains or rings.
Carbonyl Compounds
Arrangement in which an oxygen atom is double-bonded to a carbon atom.
Aldehydes
An organic compound in which a carbonyl group located at the end of a carbon chain is bonded to a carbon atom on one side and a hydrogen atom on the other.
Ketones
An organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms.
Carboxylic Acid
An organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group)
Ester
Any organic compound with a carboxyl group in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group.
Amides
An organic compound in which the -OH group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by a nitrogen atom bonded to other atoms.
Condensation Reaction
Occurs when two smaller, organic molecules combine to form a more complex molecule, accompanied by the loss of a small molecule such as water.
Elimination Reaction
A reaction of organic compounds that occurs when a combination of atoms is removed from two adjacent carbon atoms forming an additional bond between the atoms.
