Functional Group Conversions

Question 1

Alkene to alkane

Answer 1

H₂ with Ni or Pt catalyst

Question 2

Alkane to haloalkane

Answer 2

Cl₂ or Br₂ with UV light

Question 3

Alkene to monohaloalkane

Answer 3

HBr or HCl

Addition

Check for the possible major/minor products from Markovnikov’s rule

Question 4

Alkene to dihaloalkane

Answer 4

Cl₂ or Br₂

Addition

Question 5

Alkene to alcohol

Answer 5

H₂O/H⁺ aka dilute acid

Addition

Check for possible major/minor products from Markovnikov’s rule

Question 6

Alkene to diol

Answer 6

MnO₄^-/H⁺

Addition/Oxidation

Question 7

Haloalkane to alkene

Answer 7

KOH(alc)

Elimination

Check for possible major/minor products from Zaitsev’s rule

Question 8

Haloalkane to alcohol

Answer 8

KOH(aq)

Substitution

Question 9

Haloalkane to amine

Answer 9

c.NH₃ or NH₃(alc) or R-NH₂

Substitution

Question 10

Alcohol to haloalkane

Answer 10

PCl₃ or PCl₅ or SOCL₂

Question 11

Alcohol to alkene

Answer 11

c.H₂SO₄

Elimination

Question 12

Alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 12

MnO₄^-/H⁺ or Cr₂O₇^2-/H⁺ with reflux

Oxidation

Question 13

Amine to ammonium salt

Answer 13

Acid (eg. HCl or H₂SO₄)

Acid/Base

Question 14

Carboxylic acid to carboxylate salt

Answer 14

Base (eg. NaOH or KOH)

Acid/Base