Functional Development 0-12 Months Flashcards
1
Q
Newborns display…
A
- Physiological flexion posture
- Random extremity movements but little independent control
- Enjoy tactile and vestibular stimulation
- See best at 8”
2
Q
Possible motor disturbances in newborns include…
A
- Involved medical history
- Feeding difficulties
- Very stiff or very floppy
3
Q
What major developments occur at 1 month?
A
- Begins responding to environment
- Hip and shoulder begin to move away from the body
- Prone: head lifting and turning
- Full head lag with pull to sit
- Bears weight in supported standing, may see stepping mvmts
4
Q
List major developments at 2 months…
A
- Elevates head approx. 30 deg in prone for brief period
- Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
- Pull to sit: attempts to lift head at end of task
- Swipes at toys while supine
- Supported sit
5
Q
What happens at 3 months old?
A
- Starting to interact with caregiver
- Plays with and regards hands in supine
- Prop on forearms with sustained head elevation and turn head from side to side (subtle weight shift)
- Pull to sit: head lag initially but flexes forward 1/2 way through the movement
- Will hold a rattle placed in hand: does not attend to the rattle but may bring it to mouth
6
Q
What are possible motor disturbances at 3 months?
A
Maintenance of strong asymmetry
- Inability to hold head in midline
- inability to bring hands to midline
Poor visual tracking
7
Q
List developmental milestones at 4 months
A
- Mark beginning of controlled purposeful movements
- UEs demonstrate increasing gross motor control, hand motor control still limited
- Hand to hand play
- Hand to mouth play
- Hand to body play
- Rolling to side in a symmetrical fashion, sometimes rolls prone to supine if pushing up enough
- Prone: head at 90 deg with forearm support and increased WB through the spine
8
Q
What are possible motor disturbances at 4 months?
A
- Poor midline control
- Overuse of ATNR
- Poor hand-body play
- Inability to extend head/trunk in sitting
- Inability to achieve forearm weight bearing
9
Q
What are some developmental milestones at 5 months?
A
- Visually directs reaching and reaching is more coordinated and occurs in supine, prone, and supported sitting
- Sitting propped on hands
- Enjoy grabbing, mouthing, banging, and shaking
- Characterized by voluntary, asymmetrical, dissociated, and reciprocal movements
10
Q
What are possible motor disturbances at 5 months?
A
- Poor control of flexion in supine (inability to bring feet to mouth, inability to reach in supine)
- Inability to assume or maintain side lying
- Poor tolerance of prone position
- Inability to attain/maintain prone on elbows with lateral weight shift and reaching
- Widely abducted or externally rotated legs (constant)
11
Q
Developmental milestones at 6 months…
A
- Head control is fully developed
- Prone: can push up on extended arms, weight shift on extended arms, and reach in front and to the side for toys
- Pivots in a circle
- Quadruped is emerging
- Rolls supine to/from prone
- Emerging sit without propping
12
Q
What are the possible motor disturbances at 6 months?
A
- Inability to roll supine to prone or using ext pattern to do so
- Inability to laterally flex in prone and side lying
- Inability to practice flexion activities in supine
- Inability to sit independently
- Inability to reach in prone position
- Inability to dissociate lower extremities
- Inability to maintain side lying
13
Q
What are some developmental transitions at 7 months?
A
- Beginning to be mobile
- Motivated to explore the environment
- Emerging ability to transition in and out of sitting
- Begin creeping or crawling
- Sits with back and pelvis straight
- Can play with toy in sitting: protective reactions forward but not laterally or posterior
- May pull to stand with symmetry
14
Q
What are some possible motor disturbances at 7 months?
A
- Abnormal movement strategies
- Preference of supine
- Inability to dissociate UEs and LEs (bunny hopping)
- Inability to assume quadruped
- Inability to sit unsupported
- Poor UE weight bearing
15
Q
What are some developmental milestones at 8 months?
A
- Moving!!
- Transitioning between positions
- Pull to stand at furniture
- Cruising: can talk about feet position
- Attempt to climb stairs
