Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 3 Semester 1 > Functional and Structural Connectivity > Flashcards

Functional and Structural Connectivity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Functional Connectivity definition?

A

virtual connections between brain regions, connected through activities being temporally correlated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name one method used to look at functional connectivity between brain regions. How does it work

A

Seeding. Shows if activities in other brain regions have significant relationship with seed regions, either at rest or during a task.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give an example of how a method is used for looking at functional connectivity, including brain region names.

A

seeding an area in prefrontal cortex as they are involved in modulating activities in posterior brain regions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Depue et al., 2017 showed what, in relation to seeding?

A

more mutual relationship between activity in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus have better ability to retrieve memories.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Spielberg et al., 2015

A

Graph Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Graph Theory?

A

suggests brain is composed of 200 nodes that interact but are not physically connected. under attentionally demanding conditions, organisation of nodes is flexible and reconfigures to allow efficient information flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structural Connectivity definition?

A

anatomical links between brain regions, physically connected through white matter tracts made of myelinated axons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example of structural connectivity?

A

corpus callosum physically connects left and right hemispheres of brain, connects homologous regions in each hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hofer and Frahm., 2006

A

corpus callossum connection of homologous regions of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give examples of structural connectivity, including brain region names.

A

fiber tracts connect frontal regions to more posterior regions, such as occipitofrontal fasciculus which connects occipital lobe and frontal lobe

controls structures processing sensory information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what connects the frontal lobe to the anterior temporal lobe? what is this involved in?

A

uncinate fasciculus, involved in language and emotional processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DTI

A

Diffusion Tensor Imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is DTI used for?

A

Imaging white matter tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can DTI show?

A

the integrity and anatomical connectivity between brain regions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can DTI show about water diffusion?

A

the main direction of it, which shows the structural integrity of white matter tracts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who did research on water diffusion in DTI?

A

Mori & Zhang., 2006

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sigal et al., 2012

A

looking at less diffusion in brain regions, as a result of demyelination in disorders- sclerosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does MRI show in regards to connectivity?

A

links structural and functional connectivity, shows white and grey matter and brain functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do MRI work?

A

constant magnetic field, alterations in magnetic field are induced and response atoms in brain used to present maps of brains structure and function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

DMN

A

Default Mode Network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When is the DMN engaged?

A

When the brain is not engaged in specific attention- demanding task

22
Q

What is the thought that is engaged in DMN?

A

Stimulus-independent thoughts detached from external environment.

23
Q

What is in focus when DMN is engaged?

A

introspection, self-reflection and thoughts of the future.

24
Q

Buckner et al., 2008

A

showed introspection, self-reflection and thoughts of future are active in DMN.

25
Q

Fox et al., 2005

A

DMN operates as neural activity spontaneously rises and falls together in temporal synchrony

26
Q

What do cogntitions tend to gravitate to when not attending to specific stimuli?

A

thoughts and feelings

27
Q

What did Flavell et al., 2000 show?

A

100% of adults reported ongoing thought when asked to think of nothing

28
Q

What did Berger 1929 show in regards to brain activity and DMN?

A

brain is also active at rest, shown using EEG

29
Q

what has fMRI shown in regards to brain activity and DMN?

A

specific regions active when at rest, these regions constitute DMN

30
Q

What is DMN associated with, in accordance to cognitions?

A

free and voluntary thought, and can help understand how free thought is altered in psychiatric conditions- Sz

31
Q

Four core regions of DMN?

A

Medial Prefrontal Cortex (MPFC)
Posterior Cingulate Cortex (PCC)
Left and right Inferior Parietal Lobules (IPLs).

32
Q

MPFC?

A

Medial Prefrontal Cortex

33
Q

PCC

A

Posterior Cingulate Cortex

34
Q

IPLs

A

left and right Inferior Parietal Lobules

35
Q

task negative network

A

regions of DMN are functionally connected as they dampen activation altogether.

36
Q

What is suppression of DMN associated with?

A

better performance on attention-demanding tasks

37
Q

SN

A

Salience Network

38
Q

CEN

A

Central Executive Network

39
Q

What can CEN and SN show?

A

structural and functional abnormalities in brain in Sz.

40
Q

what is the function of the SN?

A

switching between CN and DMN

41
Q

What does the CEN control?

A

high-level cognitive functions.

42
Q

Uddin et al., 2011 showed…

A

interactions between SN, CEN and DMN

43
Q

What did Uddin et al., 2011 find?

A

functional coupling between nodes that are stronger in adults than in children in rFIC

44
Q

rFIC

A

right Fronto-Insular Cortex

45
Q

What does the development of rFIC suggest?

A

changes in functional connectivity is directly linked to development of structural connectivity.

46
Q

DTI looked at rFIC and supported the development of rFIC, how?

A

showed increased structural integrity in adults in within- and between- network pathways linked to rFIC.

47
Q

Why is structural maturation of the rFIC important to humans?

A

it supports complex, flexible cognitive processes in adulthood.

48
Q

How is CEN and SN structurally connected?

A

fractional anisotropy

49
Q

What is shown when looking at fractional anisotropy in DTI?

A

fiber density, axonal diameter and white matter

50
Q

What does fractional anisotropy show about connectivity?

A

functional connectivity of networks are also structurally connected.

51
Q

What does the SN do?

A

filters stimuli, recruits functional networks and allows for complex functions to occur.

52
Q

Examples of SN complex functions

A

communication and social behaviour

Psychology 3 Semester 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions