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Applied Head and Neck Anatomy > Functional Anatomy of the Ear and Disorders > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy of the Ear and Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the external ear located?

A

Consists of the pinna/auricle and the external acoustic meatus (ear canal). Extends to the fibrous tympanic membrane medially.

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2
Q

What is the auricle?

A

Cartilaginous part of the external ear covered in skin wit a fleshy fatty lobule at the inferior end.

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3
Q

Where is the middle ear located?

A
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4
Q

Where is the inner ear located?

A
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5
Q

Which bone houses the components of the ear?

A

Temporal Bone

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6
Q

What are the four parts of the temporal bone?

A
  • Squamous part
  • Petromastoid part (petrous and mastoid bone)
  • Tympanic plate
  • Styloid process
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7
Q

Which bone is the middle and inner ear in?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bone

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8
Q

What does the upper surface of the petrous bone form the floor of?

A

Middle and posterior cranial fossa

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9
Q

Where is the interal acoustic meatus?

A

Within the petrous part of the temporal bone of the skull between the posterior cranial fossa and the inner ear

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10
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN VII (facial) and CNVIII (vestibulocochlea)

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11
Q

What opening does the inferior surface of the petrous bone contain?

A

Carotid canal through which the internal carotid artery enters the skull

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12
Q

Which muscles attach to the mastoid process?

A

Sternocleidomastoid and digastric muscle

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13
Q

What does the mastoid antrum connect?

A

Mastoid air cells and the middle ear cavity. Infection of the middle ear can potentially spread to the mastoid process causing mastoiditis.

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14
Q

What does the external ear consist of?

A

Pinna/auricle

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15
Q

How does a cauliflower ear form?

A

From an untreated pinna haemotoma.

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16
Q

Label

A
17
Q

What is the bony canal of the external ear formed by?

A

Tympanic plate of the temporal bone

18
Q

What is the external acoustic meatus lined with?

A

Skin that secretes cerumen giving the canal protection

19
Q

How does wax form?

A

Discarded cells of skin with cerumen

20
Q

What are the common conditions associated with the external acoustic meatus?

A
  • otitis externa
  • wax
  • foreign bodies (particularly in children)
21
Q

What lies most medially at the external acoustic meatus?

A

Fibrous tympanic membrane

22
Q

How do you distinguish a right and left tympanic membrane?

A

The side that the cone of light and the manubrium of mallus points to is the side that it is (picture shows right)

23
Q

What is another name for the middle ear?

A

Tympanic cavity

24
Q

What are the ossicles?

A

Bones found in the middle ear:

  • Malleus
  • Incus
  • Stapes
25
Q

What do the ossicles do?

A

Transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to components of the inner ear in an air filled environment.

26
Q

When does communication between the middle ear and external environment occur?

A

When the eustachian (pharyngotympanic) tube opens arising from the nasopharynx to the middle ear.

27
Q

What is the purpose of the pharyngotympanic tube?

A

To equalise air pressure in the middle ear

28
Q

When does the pharyngotympanic tube open?

A

When attached palate muscles are pulled during yawning or swallowing

29
Q

What is the clinical significance of the pharyngotympanic tube?

A

Potential route of infection for an upper respiratory infection to travel to the middle ear

30
Q

What is the middle ear lined with?

A

Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar epithelium)

31
Q

What is the sensory nerve of the middle ear?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

32
Q

What is mastoiditis?

A

Rare complication of middle ear infections, osetomyelitis of the mastoid bone

33
Q

Where can middle ear infections spread to?

A
  • Mastoid
  • Meninges
  • Temporal lobe (causes an abscess)
  • Sigmoid dural venous sinus (causes a septic thrombus to form)
34
Q

Where do the ossicles lie?

A

In the upper part of the tympanic membrane

35
Q
A

Applied Head and Neck Anatomy (4 decks)

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