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NEURO FINAL LAB > Functional Anatomy of the Brain Descriptions (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy of the Brain Descriptions (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

programming motor patterns
learning and behavior

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2
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Contain centers for vision (visual cortices)

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3
Q

Olfactory Lobe

A

Center for smell

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4
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Touch, temperature, pressure, pain (nociception)
Conscious control of skeletal muscle activity

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5
Q

Piriform Lobe

A

Receive olfactory information (axons) via the olfactory tracts

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6
Q

Temporal Lobes

A

Centers for hearing (auditory cortices)

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7
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus: receives, processes, relays to the cerebral cortex information from other regions of the brain and most sensory information (NO olfaction)
Hypothalamus: regulation of ANS and visceral and endocrine functions

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8
Q

Dorsal Metencephalon

A

Cerebellum
Controls the rate, range, and force of voluntary movements (does NOT initiate movements)

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9
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain
Control of motor functions, coordination of visual and auditory reflexes, processing of sensory information (auditory)

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10
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla Oblongata
Autonomic functions
Arousal
Muscle tone for posture and movement

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11
Q

Telencephalon

A

Paired cerebral hemispheres
Cerebral Cortex: site of awareness, initiation of voluntary movements, and perception of stimuli
Basal Ganglia: planning and initiation of motor activities
Hippocampus: processing and storage of memories

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12
Q

Ventral Metencephalon

A

Pons
Conveys information about movement from the cerebrum to the cerebellum

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13
Q

Auditory Cortex

A

Acoustic area for conscious perception of sound

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14
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Neurons influence contralateral lower motor neurons innervating skeletal muscles
Neurons within the postcruciate gyrus influence appendicular musculature
Neurons with the rostral suprasylvian gyrus influence muscles of the neck and specific muscles of the head

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15
Q

Olfactory Cortex

A

Olfactory information is perceived, processed, and distributed to other parts of the brain within the piriform lobes

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16
Q

Visual Cortex

A

Vision

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17
Q

Somesthetic Cortex

A

Receive sensory information from defined regions of the body
Limbs and trunk

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18
Q

Abducent N.

A

Cranial Nerve VI
Innervates the retractor bulbi and lateral rectus muscles of the eyeball

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19
Q

Accessory N.

A

Cranial Nerve XI
Innervates muscles of the neck and forelimb that are of brachial arch origin

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20
Q

Facial N.

A

Cranial Nerve VII
Innervates the muscles of facial expression (superficial muscles of the head and face + the caudal belly of the digastricus, platysma, stylohyoid, and stapedius muscles)
Sensory for taste in the rostra 2/3 of tongue via chorda tympani nerve
Parasympathetic innervation to the mandibular and monostomatic part of the sublingual salivary glands and lacrimal gland

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21
Q

Glossopharyngeal N.

A

Cranial Nerve IX
Lingual and pharyngeal branches
Motor (somatic): m. stylopharyngeus + other pharyngeal mm
Parasympathetic: parotid and zygomatic salivary glands via otic ganglion
Sensory: taste, mechanoreception, thermoreception, nociception for caudal 1/3 of tongue

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22
Q

Hypoglossal N.

A

Cranial Nerve XII
Innervates intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

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23
Q

Oculomotor N.

A

Cranial Nerve III
Arises from midbrain
Innervates dorsal, ventral, medial rectus muscles, ventral oblique muscle, and levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Provides parasympathetic innervation via the ciliary ganglion to constrict the pupil and round the lens

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24
Q

Optic N.

A

Cranial Nerve II
Nerves of sight
Nerve fibers originate as axons of ganglion neurons of the retina, leave the eye via optic disk and form optic nerve

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25
Q

Trigeminal N.

A

Cranial Nerve V
Muscles of mastication and skin of face
Ophthalmic N.
Maxillary N.
Mandibular N.

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26
Q

Ophthalmic N.

A

Branch of trigeminal n.
Sensory to eyeball skin of forehead, caudal muzzle, medial canthus of eye, nasal mucosa

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27
Q

Maxillary N.

A

Sensory to upper jaw (lateral canthus of eye, nose, upper lip, cheek, mucosa of tongue, oral vestibule, floor of mouth) and temporal and zygomatic regions (skin, external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, parotid salivary gland, guttural pouch in horse)

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28
Q

Mandibular N.

A

Motor to muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid, mylohyoid, rostral belly of digastricus)
Sensory to lower jaw (skin of chin, lower lips, mandibular teeth, mucosa of tongue, oral vestibule, floor of mouth) and temporal and zygomatic regions

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29
Q

Vagus N.

A

Cranial Nerve X
Innervates the muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus
Contains visceral afferents from the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus
Innervates taste buds of the palate and pharynx
Innervates thoracic and abdominal visceral (parasympathetic)
Contains afferents from the skin of the external ear canal

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30
Q

Vestibulocochlear N.

A

Cranial Nerve VIII
Hearing (cochlear)
Balance and equilibrium (vestibular)

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31
Q

Arbor Vitae

A

White matter tracts visibly seen branching within the gray matter of the cerebellum

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32
Q

Brachium of the Caudal Colliculus

A

Functions in relay of auditory information

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33
Q

Caudal Colliculus

A

auditory

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34
Q

Cerebellar Peduncle

A

connects the cerebellum with the brain stem

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35
Q

Cerebellum

A

Responsible for controlling the rate, range, and force of voluntary movements
Does NOT initiate or direct voluntary movements

36
Q

Columns of the Fornix

A

Carry axons that originated from neurons in the hippocampus to the mamillary bodies

37
Q

Commissure of the Caudal Colliculus

A

Bundle of transverse fibers that connects the caudal colliculi

38
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

connects the cerebral cortices

39
Q

Cruciate Sulcus

A

Serve as landmarks designating the rostral extent of the primary motor and somesthetic cortexes

40
Q

Crus Cerebri

A

Upper motor neurons that influence the activity of lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord

41
Q

Fasciculus Cuneatus

A

General proprioceptive information from the thoracic limbs, cranial trunk region, and the neck

42
Q

Fasciculus Gracilis

A

General propioceptive information from the caudal trunk and pelvic limb

43
Q

Hypophysis

A

Pituitary Gland
Hormonal Secretions

44
Q

Internal Capsule

A

Composed of fibers from thalamic nuclei that travel to the cerebral cortex and of fibers from projection neurons in the cerebral cortex that travel to the brain and spinal cord

45
Q

Thalamus

A

Contains nuclei that relay information to the cerebral cortices

46
Q

Interventricular Foramen

A

Connection between a lateral ventricle and the third ventricle

47
Q

Lateral Geniculate Body

A

Nucleus of the thalamus which receives information from the retinae (via optic tracts) and projects axons to the visual cortex of the cerebrum

48
Q

Lateral Olfactory Tract

A

Bundles of fibers that carry olfactory information from the olfactory bulbs to the piriform lobes of the cerebrum

49
Q

Lateral Rhinal Sulcus

A

Delineates the olfactory portions of the brain from the rest of the cerebral hemispheres

50
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

Divides the cerebrum into two cerebral hemispheres along the midline

51
Q

Mamillary Body

A

Part of the limbic system (behavior)

52
Q

Medial Geniculate Body

A

Nucleus of the thalamus which receives auditory information from the lower auditory centers via the caudal colliculus and projects axons into the auditory cortex of the cerebrum

53
Q

Medial Olfactory Tract

A

Bundles of fibers that carry olfactory information from the olfactory bulbs to the piriform lobes of the cerebrum

54
Q

Median Sulcus

A

Marks the midline in the rhomboid fossa

55
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Myelencephalon
ANS
Arousal
Muscle tone and movement

56
Q

Mesencephalic Aqueduct

A

Connects the third and fourth ventricles

57
Q

Occipital Gyrus

A

Part of the visual cortex

58
Q

Olfactory Bulb

A

Receives special visceral afferent (SVA) fibers from olfactory epithelium via the foramina in the cribiform plate
Olfactory primary afferents synapse on second order neurons in the olfactory bulb

59
Q

Olfactory Peduncle

A

Joins the olfactory bulb to the cerebral hemisphere, courses caudad with a band of fibers on its ventral surface which further bifurcates into the lateral and medial olfactory tracts
Relay axons travel through these tracts to the piriform lobe of the cerebrum

60
Q

Optic Tract

A

Composed of axons that synapse on neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus for relay to the visual cortex and on neurons in the rostral colliculus for visual-evoked reflexes involving movement of the head, neck, and eyeballs

61
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Epiphysis
Established reproductive cycles in response to photoperiod
Produces melatonin in response to darkness

62
Q

Pons

A

Conveys information about movement from the cerebrum to the cerebellum

63
Q

Postcruciate Gyri

A

Serve as landmarks designating the “primary motor areas” for the motor cortices and somesthetic cortices of the parietal lones

64
Q

Pyramid

A

Contains axons of neurons found in the motor cortex as part of the upper motor pathway which influences the activity of the lower motor neurons in the brain stem cranial nerve motor nuclei and in the ventral horn of the spinal cord to produce voluntary movements

65
Q

Rostral Colliculus

A

Dorsal eminence of the midbrain whose neurons receive sensory information from the visual system (via optic n.), spinal cord, and cerebral cortex
Functions in the regulation of unconscious reflex responses to visual stimuli (head, neck, eye movements)

66
Q

Rostral Commissure

A

Composed of axons that course between olfactory structures on each side of the cerebrum

67
Q

Septum Pellucidum

A

separates lateral venticles

68
Q

Sulcus Limitans

A

Differentiates floor and wall of the fourth ventricle

69
Q

Thalamus

A

Receives, processes, and relays to the cerebral cortex information from other regions of the brain and most sensory information (NOT olfaction)

70
Q

Third Ventricle

A

Communicates with the lateral ventricles via the interventricular foramina and with the fourth ventricle via the mesencephalic aqueduct

71
Q

Transverse Cerebral Fissure

A

Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

72
Q

Trapezoid Body

A

auditory system

73
Q

Tuber Cinereum

A

Forms the central part of the hypothalamus to which the hypophysis (pituitary) is attached via the infundibulum

74
Q

Cerebellar Peduncle

A

Paired fiber bundles which connect the cerebellum with the brain stem

75
Q

Flocculonodular Lobe

A

Maintenance of equilibrium and coordination

76
Q

Primary Fissure

A

Divides the cerebellar body into rostral and caudal lobes

77
Q

Vermis

A

Midline of the cerebellum
Receives input from the vestibular apparatus and proprioceptors of the trunk and proximal limbs

78
Q

Caudate Nucleus

A

Initiation of voluntary movements

79
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

One site of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) production

80
Q

Columns of the Fornix

A

Ventrorostral extensions of the body of the fornix that carry the axons that originated from neurons in the hippocampus to the mamillary bodies

81
Q

Fornix

A

Composed of axons that originate from neurons in the hippocampus and project through the columns of the fornix to reach the mamillary bodies

82
Q

Floor of Lateral Ventricle

A

Choroid plexus in the floor produces CSF

83
Q

Hippocampus

A

Limbic system (memory storage)

84
Q

Interventricular Foramen

A

Connection between a lateral ventricle and the third ventricle

85
Q

Rostral Commissure

86
Q

Trochlear N.

A

Cranial Nerve IV
Only cranial nerve to arise from the dorsal aspect of the brain stem and cross entirely to innervate contralateral side
Motor to dorsal oblique muscle

NEURO FINAL LAB (5 decks)

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