Functional Anatomy Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Position

A

starting position for body segment movements

  • upright standing, facing forward
  • legs together, feet flat on floor and parallel so that the toes face forwards
  • hands at the side, palms facing forwards
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2
Q

Anterior

A

To the front or in front

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3
Q

Posterior

A

To the rear or behind

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4
Q

Superior

A

Above

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5
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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6
Q

Lateral

A

(Further) away from the midline

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7
Q

Medial

A

Towards/closer to the midline

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8
Q

Distal

A

Further away from the trunk or root of the limb

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9
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the trunk or root of the limb

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10
Q

Anatomical Reference/Cardinal Plane

A

imaginary slices through the body that are mutually perpendicular to each other and meet in the middle

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11
Q

Sagittal (Median) Plane

A

Right side vs left side (through the middle)

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12
Q

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A

Front to back (sliced from the side)

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13
Q

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

A

Top to bottom (through the middle)

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14
Q

In the anatomical position, the cardinal planes intersect at what point?

A

The body centre of mass

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15
Q

Axes

A

infinite imaginary lines that pass through joints, about which movement takes places

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16
Q

What happens when a joint of the human body moves?

A

It rotates about an imaginary axis, within a plane (perpendicular to)

17
Q

Mediolateral axis

A

Within the Sagittal plane

18
Q

Anteroposterior axis

A

Within the Frontal plane

19
Q

Longitudinal axis

A

Within the Transverse plane

20
Q

Uniplanar

A

One plane of motion- think cyclist in one direction

21
Q

Multiplanar

A

In a combination of planes- think gymnast on the horse

22
Q

Movement about the mediolateral axis, within the sagittal plane is referred to as…

A

Flexion and extension

23
Q

Movement about the anteroposterior axis, within the frontal plane is referred to as…

A

Abduction and adduction

24
Q

Movement about the longitudinal axis, within the transverse plane is referred to as…

A

Medial and lateral rotation

25
Q

Flexion

A

The angle at the joint diminishes (bringing together)

Mediolateral axis, sagittal plane

26
Q

Extension

A

The angle at the joint increases (moving apart)

Mediolateral axis, sagittal plane

27
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Refers to flexion of the foot at the ankle joint

Mediolateral axis, sagittal plane

28
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Refers to extension of the foot at the ankle joint, think plantar=point
Mediolateral axis, sagittal plane

29
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from the midline of the body

Anteroposterior axis, frontal plane

30
Q

Adduction

A

Moving towards the midline of the body

Anteroposterior axis, frontal plane

31
Q

Inversion

A

Movement of the whole foot to make the sole face medially, inwards
Anteroposterior axis, frontal plane

32
Q

Eversion

A

Movement of the whole foot to make the sole face laterally, outwards
Anteroposterior axis, frontal plane

33
Q

Lateral Flexion

A

Bending of the trunk

Anteroposterior axis, frontal plane

34
Q

What is movement of the Scapular (shoulder blade) referred to as?

A

Elevation and depression

Anteroposterior axis, frontal plane

35
Q

What is movement of the hand referred to as?

A

Ulnar and radial deviation

Anteroposterior axis, frontal plane

36
Q

Medial/internal rotation

A

Rotation of a limb segment about its longitudinal axis such that the anterior surface comes to face towards the midline of the body
Longitudinal axis, transverse plane

37
Q

Lateral/external rotation

A

Rotation of a limb segment about its longitudinal axis so that its anterior surface faces away from the midline of the body
Longitudinal axis, transverse plane

38
Q

Pronation

A

Movement of the forearm that makes the palm of the hand face downwards
Longitudinal axis, transverse plane

39
Q

Supination

A

Movement of the forearm that makes the palm of the hand faces upwards
Longitudinal axis, transverse plane