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NCSF PERSONAL TRAINER STUDY GUIDE > FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY CH 1 > Flashcards

FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY CH 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is OSTEOPENIA?

A

refers to bone mineral density BMD that is lower than normal peak but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis.

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2
Q

What is OSTEOPOROSIS?

A

irreversible decrease in mineralized bony tissue.

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3
Q

what is a joint?

A

a point of articulation between two or more bones, especially such a connection that allows motion.

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4
Q

what is FIBRUOUS JOINTS?

A

consist of two bones that are united by fibruous tissue and exhibit little or no movement.

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5
Q

what is SYNOVIAL JOINTS?

A

contain synovial fluid and allow for considerable movement betw articulating bones.

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6
Q

what is hyaline cartilage?

A

a tough, elastic fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints, outer ear, and larynx.

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7
Q

what is FIBROCARTILAGE?

A

cartilage that allows for greater movement capabilities due to its flexible nature.

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8
Q

what is a articular disc?

A

a plate or ring of fibrocartilage attached to the joint capsule and separating the articular surfaces of the bones.

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9
Q

what is a joint capsule?

A

a sac enclosing a joint, formed by an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane.

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10
Q

what is a periosteum?

A

the dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones except at the joints and serving as an attachment for muscles and tendons.

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11
Q

what are ligaments?

A

tough fibrous band of connective tissue that supports internal organs and holds bones together properly in joints.

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12
Q

what are tendons?

A

a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.

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13
Q

what is synovial membrane?

A

a layer of connective tissue which lines the joint and produces synovial fluid.

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14
Q

what is bursa?

A

a tiny fluid filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body.

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15
Q

what is hypermobility?

A

describes joints that stretch further than is normal.

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16
Q

what is muscle fascia?

A

thickened connective tissue that envelops a muscle or a group of muscles.

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17
Q

what is myofibrils?

A

thread like fibrils that make up the contractile part of a striated muscle fiber.

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18
Q

what is myofilaments?

A

made up of actin and myosin, that are the structural units of a myofibril.

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19
Q

what is myosin?

A

a contractile protein in muscle cells, responsible for the elastic and contractile properties of muscle. it is commonly referred to as the thick contractile protein.

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20
Q

what is actin?

A

a protein found in muscle that together with myosin functions in muscle contraction. It is commonly referred to as the thin contractile protein.

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21
Q

what is anatomical position?

A

a reference posture used in anatomical description in which the subject stands erect w/ feet parallel and arms adducted and supinated, w/ palms facing forward.

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22
Q

what is midline?

A

the median plane of the body.

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23
Q

what is anterior axillary line?

A

creased of the axilla (underarm)

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24
Q

what is midaxillary line?

A

a perpendicular line drawn downward from the apex of the axilla.

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25
Q

what is anterior?

A

placed before or in front.

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26
Q

what is posterior?

A

located behind a part or toward the rear of a structure.

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27
Q

what is proximal?

A

situated nearest to a point of attachment or origin.

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28
Q

what is distal?

A

situated farthest from point of attachment or origin, as of a limb or bone.

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29
Q

what is medial?

A

at, in, near or being the center, dividing a person into right and left halves.

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30
Q

what is lateral?

A

situated or extending away from the medial plane of the body.

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31
Q

what is lpsilateral?

A

on, or relating to , the same side of the body.

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32
Q

what is contralateral?

A

on, or relating to the opposite side of the body.

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33
Q

what is superficial?

A

shallow proximity in relation to a surface.

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34
Q

what is deep?

A

extending inward in relation to a surface layer.

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35
Q

what is flexion?

A

to bend, in hinge joints, the articulating bones move closer together; in ball and socket joints, the limb moves anterior to the midaxillary line.

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36
Q

what is extension?

A

to straighten or extend; in hinge joints the articulating bones move away from each other; in ball and socket joints, the limb moves posterior to the midaxillary line.

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37
Q

what is lateral flexion?

A

spinal movement to the left or right occurs at the neck and trunk.

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38
Q

what is protraction?

A

movt. of a structure toward the anterior surface in a straight horizontal line.

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39
Q

what is retraction?

A

movt back tot he anatomical positon or additionally, posterior to functional range of motion.

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40
Q

what is dorsi flexion?

A

movt of the ball of the foot towards the shin.

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41
Q

what is plantar flexion?

A

foot movt towards the plantar surface.

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42
Q

what is pronation?

A

unique rotation of the forearm which crosses the radius and ulna. the palm faces posterior. (prone means lying face down).

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43
Q

what is supination?

A

unique rotation of the forearm where the radius and ulna uncross. the palm face anteriorly. (means lying face up).

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44
Q

what is inversion?

A

confined to the ankle; consists of turning the ankle so the plantar surface of the foot faces medially.

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45
Q

what is eversion?

A

confined to the ankle; consists of turning the ankle so the plantar surface of the foot faces laterally.

46
Q

what is abduction?

A

movement away form the midline.

47
Q

what is adduction?

A

movt toward the midline.

48
Q

what is ulna deviation?

A

joint action at the wrist that causes the hand to move medially toward the little finger in the frontal plane.

49
Q

what is external rotation?

A

action at the shoulder and hip joint where the articulating bone is rotated away from the body from anatomical position.

50
Q

what is internal rotation?

A

action at the shoulder and hip joint where the articulating bone is rotated toward the body from the anatomical position.

51
Q

what is circumduction?

A

multiple axis joint action where flexion is combined w/ abduction, and then adduction or extension and hyperextension are combined w/ abduction and the adduction.

52
Q

what is elevation?

A

superior movement of the bone.

53
Q

what is depression?

A

inferior movt of the bone.

54
Q

what is horizontal abduction?

A

movt away from the midline in the transverse plane.

55
Q

what is horizontal adduction?

A

movt toward the midline in the transverse plane.

56
Q

what is rotation?

A

the turning of a structure around its long axis.

57
Q

what is radial deviation?

A

joint action at the wrist that causes the hand to move laterally toward the thumb in the frontal plane.

58
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: RECTUS ABDOMINIS?

A

MOVT: TRUNK FLEXION
EX: AB CURL UP

59
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE?

A

MOVT: FLEXES AND ROTATES VERTEBRAL COLUMN
EX: DIAGONAL CHOP

60
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: INTERNAL OBLIQUE?

A

MOVT: FLEXES AND ROTATES VERTEBRAL COLUMN
EX: CABLE TORSO TWIST

61
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of:TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS?

A

MOVT: COMPRESSES ABDOMEN
EX: DRAW IN

62
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: ERECTOR SPINAE GRP?

A

MOVT: EXTENDS VEREBRAL COLUMN
EX: GOOD MORNING

63
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: QUADRATUS LUMBORUM?

A

MOVT: ABDUCTS VERTEBRAL COLUMN
EX: LATERAL FLEXION

64
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: DELTS?

A

MOVT: HORIZONTALLY ABDUCTS, FLEX, EXTEND, AND ROTATE HUMERUS
EX: SIDE RAISES

65
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: LATS?

A

MOVT: ADDUCT, MED ROTATE, EXTEND HUMERUS
EX: PULL UP

66
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: PECS MAJOR?

A

MOVT: HORIZON ADDUCT, FLEX, EXTEND, MEDIALLY ROTATE HUMERUS
EX: BENCH PRESS

67
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: TERRES MAJOR?

A

MOVT: ADDUCT, EXTEND, MEDIALLY ROTATE HUMERUS
EX: SINGLE ARM ROW

68
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: CORACOBRACHIALIS?

A

MOVT: ADDUCT AND FLEX HUMERUS
EX: FRONT RAISES

69
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: INFRASPINATUS?

A

MOVT: EXTEND AND EXTERNALLY ROTATE HUMERUS
EX: EXETERNAL BAND ROTATION

70
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: SUBSCAPULARIS?

A

MOVT: EXTEND AND INTERNALLY ROTATE HUMERUS
EX: INTERNAL BAND ROTATION

71
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: SUPRASPINATUS?

A

MOVT: ABDUCT HUMERUS
EX: EMPTY CAN RAISE

72
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: TERES MINOR?

A

MOVT: ADDUCT AND EXTERNALLY ROTATE HUMERUS
EX: EXTERNAL BAND ROTATION

73
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: TRAPEZIUS?

A

MOVT: ELEVATES, DEPRESSES, ROTATES AND FIXES SCAPULA; EXTENDS NECK
EX: SHOULDER SHRUG

74
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: RHOMBOID MAJOR?

A

MOVT:RETRACTS, ROTATES, AND FIXES SCAPULA
EX: SEATED ROW

75
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: PEC MINOR?

A

MOVT: DEPRESSES SCAPULA
EX: CHEST FLYES

76
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: LEVATOR SCAPULAE

A

MOVT: ELEVATES AND RETRACTS SCAPULA; ABDUCTS NECK
EX: HIGH ROW

77
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: BICEPS BRACHII

A

MOVT: FLEXES ARM
EX: BICEP CURL

78
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: BRACHIALIS

A

MOVT: FLEXES ARM
EX: REVERSE GRIP CURL

79
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: BRACHIORADIALIS

A

MOVT: FLEXES ARM

EX; HAMMER CURL

80
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: TRICEPS BRACHII

A

MOVT; EXTENDS ARM

EX: CABLE PUSHDOWN

81
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

A

MOVT; FELXES AND ABDUCTS WRIST

EX: WRIST CURLS

82
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: FLEXOR CARIP ULNARIS

A

MOVT; FLEXES AND ADDUCTS WRISTS

EX: WRIST CURL

83
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: EXTENSOR CARIP RADIALIS

A

MOVT: FLEXES AND ABDUCTS WRIST
EX: REVERSE WRIST CURL

84
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS

A

MOVT: EXTENDS AND ADDUCTS WRIST
EX: REVERSE WRIST CURLS

85
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: PSOAS MAJOR

A

MOVT: FLEXES THIGH (HIP)
EX: KNEE RAISES

86
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: ILIACUS

A

MOVT: FLEXES AND MEDIALLY ROTATES THIGH (HIP)
EX: DIAGONAL KNEE RAISE

87
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: GLUTEUS MAX

A

MOVT: EXTENDS, ADDUCTS, AND LATERALLY ROTATES THIGH
EX: SQUAT

88
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: GLUT MED

A

MOVT: ABDUCTS ADN MEDIALLY ROTATES THIGH
EX: LATERAL SQUAT

89
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: GLUT MINI

A

MOVT; ABDUCTS AND MEDIALLY ROTATES THIGH

EX: LATERAL SQUAT

90
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: TENSOR FASCIA LATAE

A

MOVT: ABDUCTS AND MED ROATES THIGH
EX: SUPINE LEG ABDUCTION

91
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: PIRIFORMIS

A

MOVT: LATERALLY ROTATES AND ABDUCTS THIGH
EX: ROTATIONAL STEP OUTS

92
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: QUATDRATUS FEMORIS

A

MOVT: LATERALLY ROTATES AND ABDUCTS THIGH
EX: ROTATIONAL STEP OUTS

93
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: RECTUS FEMORIS

A

MOVT: EXTENDS LEG, FLEXES THIGH (HIP)
EX: FRONT SQUAT

94
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: VASTUS LATERALIS

A

MOVT: EXTENDS LEG
EX: LUNGE

95
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: VASTUS INTERMEDIUS

A

MOVT: EXTENDS LEG
EX: LEG PRESS

96
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: VASTUS MED

A

MOVT: EXTENDS LEG
EX: LEG EXTENSION

97
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: SARTORIUS

A

MOVT: FLEXES HIP, LEG, ROTATES LEG MEDIALLY AND THIGH LATERALLY
EX: LATERAL STEP UP

98
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: BICEPS FEMORIS

A

MOVT: EXTENDS THIGH FLEXES AND LATERALLY ROTATES LEG
EX: ROMANIAN DL

99
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: SEMITENDINOSUS

A

MOVT; EXTENDS THIGH, FLEXES AND LATERALLY ROTATES LEG

EX: SUPINE LEG CURL

100
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: SEIMEMBRANOSUS

A

MOVT; EXTENDS THIGH, FLEXES AND MEDIALLY ROTATES LEG

EX: STANDING LEG CURL

101
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: ADDUCTOR BREVIS

A

MOVT: ADDUCTS, FLEXES, AND LATERALLY ROTATES THIGH
EX: LATERAL LUNGE

102
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: ABDUCTOR LONGUS

A

MOVT: ADDUCTS, FLEXES, LATERALLY ROTATES THIGH
EX: SIDE STEP UPS

103
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: ADDCUTOR MAGNUS

A

MOVT: ADDUCTS, EXTENDS, AND LATERALLY ROTATES THIGH
EX: SEATED ADDUCTION

104
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: PECTINEUS

A

MOVT; ADDUCTS AND FLEXES THIGH

EX: CABLE ADDUCTION

105
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: GASTROCNEMIUS

A

MOVT: PLANTAR FLEXES, FLEXES LEG
EX: STANDING CALF RAISES

106
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: SOLEUS

A

MOVT: PLANTAR FLEXES FOOT
EX: SEATED CALF RAISES

107
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

A

MOVT: DORSI FLEXES AND INVERST FOOT

EX; TOE RAISE

108
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: PERONEUS TERTIUS

A

MOVT: DORSI FLEXES AND EVERTS FOOT
EX: TOE RAISE

109
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: PERONEUS BREVIS

A

MOVT: PLANTAR FLEXES AND EVERTS FOOT

EX; CALF RAISE

110
Q

what are the movt functions and ex: of: PERONEUS LONGUS

A

MOVT: PLANTAR FLEXES AND EVERTS FOOT
EX: CALF RAISE

NCSF PERSONAL TRAINER STUDY GUIDE (2 decks)

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