Functional anatomy Flashcards
List the structure of a skeletal muscle from superficial to deep
- epimysium
- skeletal muscle
- perimysium
- fascicle
- muscle fibre
- myofibril
Explain the sliding filament theory in 9 dot points
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
What is an isotonic muscular contraction?
Muscular contraction that results in the changing of a muscle length, performed against a constant load.
- Concentric: performed against gravity
- Eccentric: performed in the direction of gravity
What is an isometric muscular contraction?
Muscular contraction where forces are applied with no change in muscle length.
Explain what it means by force-velocity
The inverse relationship between force production and velocity of movement.
- The slower the movement, the large the force created as it allows for the rate of crossbridge attachment to increase
Explain what it means by force- length
The amount of force that can be produced at varying muscle lengths.
The optimal sarcomere length is the length where there is the greatest number of crossbridges (90- 120 degrees)
Compare and contrast sensory and motor neurons
- Sensory neurons process information from the peripheral nervous systems and transmits nervous impulses to the central nervous system whereas motor neurons process information from the brain and transmits nervous impulses away from the central nervous system.
- Sensory neurons are unipolar and motor neurons are multipolar.
What is a motor unit?
A neuron and the muscle fibres that it activates.
What is the all or none principle?
All muscle fibres in a motor unit will either contract with 100% force or not at all. It depends on if the nervous impulse has reached the threshold.
What is preferential recruitment?
The recruitment of muscle fibres depends on the intensity and duration of the activity about to be undertaken.
For example: low intensity exercises recruit mainly slow twitch fibres
