Functional Anatomy Flashcards
(34 cards)
What a ligaments
The sticky tape that holds bones together. Wherever two or more bones join they are held together by ligaments.
These are fibrous connective tissue similar to tendons that join muscle to bone.
Not very flexible but allow small amount of movement between bones.
Whats bipedal
Animals that walk on two legs, where the neck and abdomen are exposed
Support of the skeleton
Provides a framework to connect the soft tissue. It is the rigid structure to which most of the body’s skeletal muscles can attach.
Ligaments hold bones together
Tendons join muscle to bone
Protection of skeleton
Do not differ greatly from that of animals.
Skull protects brain, and the rib cage protects heart and lungs.
Less protective than that or animals because we are bipedal
Red blood cell protection of the skeleton
RBC are vital for transportation of nutrients and waste products around the body.
RBC lifespan of 100-120 days therefore must be replaced constantly. Production occurs in red bone marrow.
Transported from small bone canals into capillaries close to the outside of the bones
Storage of the skeleton
Storage area for major elements including calcium, phosphate, sodium, potassium and magnesium.
Bone have high mineral content that enables the structure of the skeleton to remain unchanged hundreds of years after death
Framework of movement for the skeleton
Body movement- muscles contracting against rigid skeletal structure.
These contractions may also assist in maintaining posture and stability of joints.
A muscle must cross a joint formed by two or more bones in order to create movement.
Type of movement permitted is dependant on?
Structure of these bones Placement of ligament Attachment points of the muscles (origin and insertion) Muscle flexibility Size of the bone
What is the origin and insertion
They relate to where the muscle attaches to the bone.
Origin generally attaches to the more stable bone, whereas the insertion attaches to the bone which moves when the muscle contracts
Eg of origin and insertion
The arm
Origin attaches to scapula and insertion attaches to the ulna and radius
Types of bone
Flat bones
Short bones
Long bones
Irregular bomes
What are flat bones
Typically take the role of protecting internal organs
Soft at birth. Skull of a baby is able to safely squeeze together to manoeuvre out of the mother.
What are long bones
Longer than they are wide
Characterised as having a long axis with spongy bone on the ends
Examples of long bones
The femur- it has the greatest impact on ones height as they continue to lengthen till you reach your late teens and early twenties
What are short bones
Have a short axis and are found in the wrist and feet
They often do not begin to harden until in ones late childhood or even into teens
What a irregular bones?
Various shapes and sizes
Don’t fit into any other bone type category
Very specific function
Examples of irregular bones
Vertebra and pelvis
What effects range of movement of joints
Structure of the bone
Type of joint it forms
Muscle size
Flexibility
What is ROM
Range of motion
What is the anatomical position and plane
It is used as a reference point when describing movements of the body
Difference between flexion and extension in terms of anatomical position and planes
Flexion refers to a decrease in angle
Extension refers to an increase in joint angle
These occur in the sagittal plane.
What is abduction and adduction in terms of anatomical position and planes
Abduction refers to moving a segment away from the midline of the body
Adduction refers to the returning if the segments to the midline
Occurs in the frontal plane
Function of muscles
Contractions create movement of limbs and assist in posture and ensuring joint stability
Three main muscle characteristics
Contractibility
Extendibility
Elasticity
