Functional anatomy

Question 1

What makes up pectoral girdle

Answer 1

Scapula
Clavicle
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint

Question 2

Purpose of pectoral girdle

Answer 2

Increases shoulder ROM
Clavicle acts as a strut -> holds shoulders away from trunk

Question 3

Without pectoral girdle

Answer 3

Flexion + abduction ROM
180 -> 120 degrees

Question 4

Orientation of glenoid fossa

Answer 4

Lateral
Slightly ant
Slightly post

Question 5

What happens to glenoid fossa in anatomical structure

Answer 5

Passive structures contribute to stability -> no energy required

Question 6

What happens to glenoid fossa not in anatomical structure

Answer 6

Tension drops off stabilising structures
Dynamic structures contribute to stability -> energy required

Question 7

Are movements of the scapula pure

Answer 7

No they all involve other movements slightly

Question 8

Scapulothoracic function

Answer 8

Allows scapula motion against the ribcage
Fascia over the muscle allows: gliding and sliding movements
Contributes to shoulder ROM

Question 9

What is scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 9

The relationship of the movement between the scapula and humerus

Question 10

What movements involve scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 10

Scapula: upward rotation
Humerus: flexion/abduction
Occur synchrondously

Question 11

Ratio of scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 11

2: glenohumeral
1: scapulohoracic

Question 12

Importance of scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 12

1) increases shoulder ROM
2) Maintains optimal muscle length for effective contraction

Question 13

Rotator cuff muscles provide dynamic stability by

Answer 13

Take up shoulder joint capsule slack during movement
Provide medial force to humeral head to centre it in glenoid fossa

Question 14

Explain clavicle implication example

Answer 14

Small movement on medial end -> large movement on lateral end
(increases arc of movement)
AOM

Question 15

Function of clavicle

Answer 15

Acts as strut: holds scapula laterally -> increases ROM
Curve shape -> increases mobility

Medial part: convex ant
Lateral part: concave ant

Question 16

Proximal radioulnar joint during pronation and supination

Answer 16

Spin of radial head on radial notch of ulna

Question 17

Distal radioulnar joint during pronation and supination WITH TRANSLATION

Answer 17

Slide and roll of ulna notch of radius on ulna head

Question 18

Distal radioulnar joint during pronation and supination WITHOUT TRANSLATION

Answer 18

Slight extension and abduction of ulna

Question 19

Rotary component

Answer 19

Perpendicular/vertical

Question 20

Rotary component function

Answer 20

Contribution to bone movement at joint

Question 21

Transarticular component

Answer 21

Parallel/horizontal

Question 22

Transarticular component function

Answer 22

Pulls bone towards joint -> stability

Question 23

Spurt

Answer 23

Mover
R > T
Prox attatchment further from joint

Question 24

Shunt

Answer 24

Stabiliser
R < T
Prox attatchment closer to joint

Question 25

Monokinetic

Answer 25

one movement one joint

Question 26

Polykinetic

Answer 26

multiple movements multiple joints

Question 27

Without speed and load

Answer 27

Recruit monokinetic + spurt

Question 28

With load

Answer 28

Recruit polykinetic + spurt

Question 29

With speed

Answer 29

Recruit mono or polykinetic shunt

Question 30

Extensor retinaculum attatchment

Answer 30

Radius, ulna Pisiform, triquetrum Lateral collateral lig

Question 31

Extensor retinaculum function

Answer 31

Prevent bowstringing Protect underlying structures

Question 32

Flexor retinuaculum attatchment

Answer 32

Scaphoid + trapezium -> hamate + pisiform

Question 33

Flexor retinuaculum function

Answer 33

Prevent bowstringing Protect underlying structures

Question 34

Palmar aponeurosis attatchment

Answer 34

Flexor retinaculum -> deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

Question 35

Palmar aponeurosis function

Answer 35

Aids grip Anchors skin

Question 36

Intertendinous connections attatchment

Answer 36

Fibrous connections between ED tendons

Question 37

Intertendinous connections functions

Answer 37

Prevents individual IP extension -> hand opens as unit

Question 38

Extensor retinaculum (DDE) attatchment

Answer 38

Forms aponeurosis from ED tendons

Question 39

Extensor retinaculum (DDE) function

Answer 39

Ensures IP joints extend simultaneously (digital sweep)

Question 40

Fibrous sheath location

Answer 40

Tunnels for the flexor tendon (in digits)

Question 41

Fibrous sheath function

Answer 41

Acts as pulleys for the flexor tendons Binds FT onto the bones

Question 42

Synovial flexor sheath location

Answer 42

Surround each tendon as it passes under fibrous sheath

Question 43

Synovial flexor sheath function

Answer 43

Allows friction free gliding of tendon under fibrous sheath

Question 44

Grip position at rest

Answer 44

Palm = hollow Finger = flexion Thumb = slightly opposed + flexed

Question 45

Grip position of function

Answer 45

Wrist = slightly dorsiflexed Finger = IP slight flex -> MCP flex Thumb = slighlty opposed + flexed

Question 46

Power grip characteristics

Answer 46

Large objects Force required Max hand contact Full hand

Question 47

Precision grip characteristics

Answer 47

Small objects Less force required Lateral digits Limited skin contact

Question 48

Power grip joint positions

Answer 48

Thumb abd/add Finger flexion Palm cupped Wrist dorsi +/ ulnar deviation

Question 49

Precision grip joint positions

Answer 49

Thumb opposed Finger MCP flexion

Question 50

Digital sweep

Answer 50

Longest path taken by the fingertips as the hand closes

Question 51

Digital sweep whats involed

Answer 51

Lumbricals and interossei moderate long flexors and extensors

Question 52

Fibrous sheath purpose

Answer 52

Prevents bowstringing within the digits -> increases leverage + efficiency

Question 53

Movements of clavicle steps

Answer 53

1) Scapula upward R produces clavicle elevation 2) Tension in costoclavicular ligament pushes movement lateral 3) Some elevation at AC joint 4) Increases tension in concoid ligament locks in posterior clavicle 5) Posterior rotation of clavicle 6) Elevation in AC joint -> increases shoulder ROM