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Anatomy 2 > Functional anatomy > Flashcards

Functional anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up pectoral girdle

A

Scapula
Clavicle
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint

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2
Q

Purpose of pectoral girdle

A

Increases shoulder ROM
Clavicle acts as a strut -> holds shoulders away from trunk

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3
Q

Without pectoral girdle

A

Flexion + abduction ROM
180 -> 120 degrees

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4
Q

Orientation of glenoid fossa

A

Lateral
Slightly ant
Slightly post

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5
Q

What happens to glenoid fossa in anatomical structure

A

Passive structures contribute to stability -> no energy required

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6
Q

What happens to glenoid fossa not in anatomical structure

A

Tension drops off stabilising structures
Dynamic structures contribute to stability -> energy required

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7
Q

Are movements of the scapula pure

A

No they all involve other movements slightly

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8
Q

Scapulothoracic function

A

Allows scapula motion against the ribcage
Fascia over the muscle allows: gliding and sliding movements
Contributes to shoulder ROM

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9
Q

What is scapulohumeral rhythm

A

The relationship of the movement between the scapula and humerus

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10
Q

What movements involve scapulohumeral rhythm

A

Scapula: upward rotation
Humerus: flexion/abduction
Occur synchrondously

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11
Q

Ratio of scapulohumeral rhythm

A

2: glenohumeral
1: scapulohoracic

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12
Q

Importance of scapulohumeral rhythm

A

1) increases shoulder ROM
2) Maintains optimal muscle length for effective contraction

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13
Q

Rotator cuff muscles provide dynamic stability by

A

Take up shoulder joint capsule slack during movement
Provide medial force to humeral head to centre it in glenoid fossa

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14
Q

Explain clavicle implication example

A

Small movement on medial end -> large movement on lateral end
(increases arc of movement)
AOM

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15
Q

Function of clavicle

A

Acts as strut: holds scapula laterally -> increases ROM
Curve shape -> increases mobility

Medial part: convex ant
Lateral part: concave ant

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16
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint during pronation and supination

A

Spin of radial head on radial notch of ulna

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17
Q

Distal radioulnar joint during pronation and supination WITH TRANSLATION

A

Slide and roll of ulna notch of radius on ulna head

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18
Q

Distal radioulnar joint during pronation and supination WITHOUT TRANSLATION

A

Slight extension and abduction of ulna

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19
Q

Rotary component

A

Perpendicular/vertical

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20
Q

Rotary component function

A

Contribution to bone movement at joint

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21
Q

Transarticular component

A

Parallel/horizontal

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22
Q

Transarticular component function

A

Pulls bone towards joint -> stability

23
Q

Spurt

A

Mover
R > T
Prox attatchment further from joint

24
Q

Shunt

A

Stabiliser
R < T
Prox attatchment closer to joint

25
Q

Monokinetic

A

one movement one joint

26
Q

Polykinetic

A

multiple movements multiple joints

27
Q

Without speed and load

A

Recruit monokinetic + spurt

28
Q

With load

A

Recruit polykinetic + spurt

29
Q

With speed

A

Recruit mono or polykinetic shunt

30
Q

Extensor retinaculum attatchment

A

Radius, ulna
Pisiform, triquetrum
Lateral collateral lig

31
Q

Extensor retinaculum function

A

Prevent bowstringing
Protect underlying structures

32
Q

Flexor retinuaculum attatchment

A

Scaphoid + trapezium -> hamate + pisiform

33
Q

Flexor retinuaculum function

A

Prevent bowstringing
Protect underlying structures

34
Q

Palmar aponeurosis attatchment

A

Flexor retinaculum -> deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

35
Q

Palmar aponeurosis function

A

Aids grip
Anchors skin

36
Q

Intertendinous connections attatchment

A

Fibrous connections between ED tendons

37
Q

Intertendinous connections functions

A

Prevents individual IP extension
-> hand opens as unit

38
Q

Extensor retinaculum (DDE) attatchment

A

Forms aponeurosis from ED tendons

39
Q

Extensor retinaculum (DDE) function

A

Ensures IP joints extend simultaneously (digital sweep)

40
Q

Fibrous sheath location

A

Tunnels for the flexor tendon
(in digits)

41
Q

Fibrous sheath function

A

Acts as pulleys for the flexor tendons
Binds FT onto the bones

42
Q

Synovial flexor sheath location

A

Surround each tendon as it passes under fibrous sheath

43
Q

Synovial flexor sheath function

A

Allows friction free gliding of tendon under fibrous sheath

44
Q

Grip position at rest

A

Palm = hollow
Finger = flexion
Thumb = slightly opposed + flexed

45
Q

Grip position of function

A

Wrist = slightly dorsiflexed
Finger = IP slight flex -> MCP flex
Thumb = slighlty opposed + flexed

46
Q

Power grip characteristics

A

Large objects
Force required
Max hand contact
Full hand

47
Q

Precision grip characteristics

A

Small objects
Less force required
Lateral digits
Limited skin contact

48
Q

Power grip joint positions

A

Thumb abd/add
Finger flexion
Palm cupped
Wrist dorsi +/ ulnar deviation

49
Q

Precision grip joint positions

A

Thumb opposed
Finger MCP flexion

50
Q

Digital sweep

A

Longest path taken by the fingertips as the hand closes

51
Q

Digital sweep whats involed

A

Lumbricals and interossei moderate long flexors and extensors

52
Q

Fibrous sheath purpose

A

Prevents bowstringing within the digits
-> increases leverage + efficiency

53
Q

Movements of clavicle steps

A

1) Scapula upward R produces clavicle elevation

2) Tension in costoclavicular ligament pushes movement lateral

3) Some elevation at AC joint

4) Increases tension in concoid ligament locks in posterior clavicle

5) Posterior rotation of clavicle

6) Elevation in AC joint -> increases shoulder ROM

Anatomy 2 (5 decks)

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