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Functional anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle Types

A
  1. Skeletal Muscle
  2. Cardiac Muscle
  3. Smooth Muscle
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2
Q

Skeletal Muscle Function

A
  1. Permit movement
  2. Posture
  3. Blood circulation
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3
Q

Cardiac Muscle Function

A

Muscles in the heart used to pump blood

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4
Q

Smooth Muscle function

A
  1. Blood passageways (arteries, veins) to effect the pressure inside the vessel
  2. Perform a variety of essential tasks within organs e.g. maintaining structure in the intestines and contracting to push thru food
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5
Q

Muscle Characteristics

A
  1. Excitability
  2. Contractibility
  3. Extensibility
  4. Elasticity
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6
Q

Excitability

A

Ability for muscles to receive a stimulus, usually a neural impulse but can be a reflex from interneurons

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7
Q

Contractability

A

The ability for muscles to shorten in response to a stimulus (all or nothing principle)

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8
Q

All or nothing principle

A

A tendon in a muscle will either contract 100% or 0% when contracting, having many tendons allows the body to control how far the entire muscle is contracted

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9
Q

Extensability

A

The ability for a muscle to extend past it’s normal resting length, usually about 1.5x depending on the muscle

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10
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability for a muscle to return to original resting length after stretching

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11
Q

Posterior/Anterior

A

Reference points for muscles
Posterior is behind/backwards
Anterior is the front

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12
Q

Superior/Inferior

A

Reference points for muscles
Superior is above
Inferior is below

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13
Q

Proximal/Distal

A

Reference points for muscles
Proximal is towards the limb attachment points
Distal is away from limb attachment/further to end of limb

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14
Q

Medial/Lateral

A

Reference points for mucles
Medial is closer to the midline of the body (med - mid)
Lateral is further out from the midline

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15
Q

Superficial/Deep

A

Reference points for muscles
Superficial is closer to the surface of the skin
Deep is further in from the skin

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16
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of joints away from the midline

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17
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of joints towards midline

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18
Q

Extension

A

Movement of joints to decrease the angle that is present - mostly straightening the joint

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19
Q

Flexion

A

Movement of joint to increase the angle that is present - mostly bending the joint

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20
Q

Rotation

A

Bending a joint around its own longitudinal axis e.g. rotating the shoulder

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21
Q

Circumduction

A

joint movement where the end of the joint traces a circle in the air - combination of flexion and extension

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22
Q

Dorsi-flexion

A

Joint movement to flex the foot, pointing it up

23
Q

Plantar-flexion

A

Joint movement to point the foot - pointing down

24
Q

Skeletal System purpose

A
  1. Framework for the body
  2. Muscle attachments
  3. protect organs
  4. Storage of minerals e.g. calcium
  5. Production of red blood cells within bone marrow
25
Q

Vertebral Column

A

Going highest to lowest
Cervical - 7 vertebrae
Thoracic - 12 vertebrae
Lumbar - 5 vertebrae
Sacrum - 5 vertebrae (fused)
Coccyx - one vertebrae

26
Q

Trapezius O+I

A

Origin - Skull, vertebrae
Insertion - Clavicle, scapula

27
Q

Latissimus Dorsi O+I

A

Origin - vertebrae, pelvis
Insertion - Humerus (both ends)

28
Q

Pectorals O+I

A

Origin - ribs, clavicle, sternum
Insertion - humerus (both ends)

29
Q

Deltoid O+I

A

origin - Clavicle, Scapula
Insertion - Humerus

30
Q

Bicep O+I

A

Origin - scapula
Insertion - radius, ulna

31
Q

Triceps O+I

A

Origin - scapula, humerus
Insertion - ulna

32
Q

Abdominals O+I

A

Origin - pelvis
Insertion - ribs

33
Q

Gluteals O+I

A

Origin - Pelvis
Insertion - Femur

34
Q

Adductors O+I

A

Origin - Pelvis
Insertion - Femur

35
Q

Quadriceps O+I

A

Origin - Pelvis, Femur
Insertion - tibia

36
Q

Hamstrings O+I

A

Origin - Pelvis
Insertion - tibia, fibula

37
Q

Tibialis Anterior O+I

A

Origin - Tibia
Insertion - 1 metatarsal base (big toe)

38
Q

Gastrocnemius O+I

A

Origin - Femur
Insertion - Tarsal

39
Q

Soleus O+I

A

Original - Tibia, fibula
Insertion - Calcaneus (tarsal bone)

40
Q

Bicep antagonist

41
Q

Deltoid antagonist

A

Lattisumis dorsi

42
Q

Pectorals antagonist

A

Latissimus Dorsi

43
Q

Rectus abdominis antagonist

44
Q

Iliopsoas (Hip flexor) antagonist

45
Q

Quadricep Antagonist

A

Hamstrings

46
Q

Hip Adductor Antagonist

47
Q

Tibialis Anterior antagonist

A

Gastrocnemius

48
Q

Atrial Systole

A

Both atriums contract forcing blood into the Ventricles

49
Q

Ventricular systole

A

Both ventricles contract forcing blood into the pulmonary Artery and aorta

50
Q

Atrial Diastole

A

At the same time as ventricular systole, the atrial cardiac muscles contract allowing the atriums to fill with more blood to be pumped during atrial systole

51
Q

Arteries

A

Structure:
* Thick, muscular walls
* No valves
* Blood under high BP

Function:
-Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except pulmonary artery)

52
Q

Veins

A

Structure:
* Thin, collapsible walls
* Valves present
* Blood under low BP

Function:
-Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart (except pulmonary vein)

53
Q

Capillaries

A

Structure
* Very thin walls - only 1 cell thick
* Branch from the arterioles and venules to form a network

Function
-facilitate gas exchange - Allow the diffusion of oxygen to tissues and removal of carbon dioxide

54
Q

Order of an oxygen molecule that does not get used by the body

A
  1. Air outside of the body
  2. Nasal & Oral cavities
  3. Pharynx
  4. Larynx
  5. Trachea
  6. Bronchi
  7. Bronchioles
  8. Alveoli
  9. Capillaries (lungs)
  10. Pulmonary Veins
  11. Left Atrium
  12. Left Ventricle
  13. Aorta
  14. Arteries
  15. Capillaries (muscles)
  16. Veins
  17. Vena Cavae
  18. Right Atrium
  19. Right Ventricle
  20. Pulmonary Arteries
  21. Capillaries (lungs)
  22. Alveoli
  23. Bronchioles
  24. Bronchi
  25. Trachea
  26. Larynx
  27. Pharynx
  28. Nasal & Oral cavities
  29. Air outside of the body

PE studies (2 decks)

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