Functional Anatomy Flashcards
3 types of Joints and definitions and examples
Synovial - Freely moveable - Knee
Fibrous - Immovable - Skull
Cartilaginous - Ribs
Name all 8 body systems
Skeletal , muscular, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, reproductive, endocrine, digestive
What does appendicular and axial mean
Appendicular is limbs and axial is the other parts (skull sternum etc)
What are ligaments and tendons
Tendons connect muscle to bone, ligaments connect bone to bone
6 types of synovial joints with examples
Saddle - Thumb Pivot - Neck/skull Condyloid - Wrist Gliding - Ankle Ball and Socket - Shoulder Hinge - Knee
4 functions of muscular system
Mobility, stability, circulation, respiration
3 types of muscles with definitions and examples
Striated (voluntary) - Needs nervous system and voluntary movement to move - bicep
Involuntary - moves involuntarily, no effort needed - Liver/kidney
Cardiac - heart muscle
Definition of origin, insertion and muscle belly
Origin is the end of the muscle closest to u (proximal)
Insertion is where the muscle moves (movement point)
The muscle belly is where the tendons attach to at the muscle
Definitions of CNS and PNS
CNS is central nervous system, consists of brain and spinal cords, it controls the body and its functions.
PNS is the peripheral nervous system, its function is to connect the rest of the body to the CNS. It transmits info to CNS
Definition of isotonic and isometric movement
Isotonic is working the muscle while moving and isometric is working the muscle without moving
Definition of concentric movement and eccentric movement
Concentric is contracting (flexion) the muscle and eccentric is elongating it or extending it.
What is an anatomical postion and why do people use them
A position from which the body can be studied and observed medically using reference points.
Its a good way to study the body from different points.
Definition of superior and inferior
Superior - Closer to the head than another part / on top
Inferior - Lesser/bottom of the body
Definition of anterior and posterior
Anterior - Front of body
Posterior - Back of body
Definition of midline and lateral
Medial - Toward the midline of the body
Lateral - Away from the midline of the body
Definition of proximal and distal
Proximal - Closest point of area to me.
Distal - Furthest point of area to me.
Definition of superficial and deep
Superficial - Towards to body surface
Deep - Away from the bodies surface
Definition of palmar and plantar
Palmar - Palm of hand
Plantar - Bottom of foot
Definition of abduction and adduction
Abduction - Moving a limb away from the body.
Adduction - Moving a limb to the body.
Definition of flexion and extension
Flexion - Bending a muscle or limb.
Extension - Straightening or extending a muscle or limb.
Definition of plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
Dorsiflexion - Backward bending or contracting of hand or foot.
Plantarflexion - Movement in which the top of the foot points away from the leg.
Definition of eversion and inversion
Eversion - Movement of the sole of the foot away from the midline.
Inversion - Movement of the sole of the foot to the midline.
What are agonists and antagonists
Agonists are the prime movers and the muscle in a concentric contraction and working. The antagonist is the opposing muscle in an eccentric elongation.
What are acute and chronic injuries
Acute is sudden injury (broken wrist) it has to be treated immediately. Chronic injuries are long-term and prolonged. Untreated acute injuries turn into Chronic injuries.
Ways to prevent muscle injuries
Stretching muscles and joints.
Maintain fitness
Consult an expert
Good nutrition
Check field conditions
Definition of supination and pronation
Supination - when the limb (mostly hand or forearm) is facing upwards and forwards
Pronation - when the hand or forearm is facing backwards or downwards
